New International Electrical Reference Standards Based on the Josephson and Quantum Hall Effects

Taylor, Barry N.; Witt, Thomas J.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/1/004

Cited by 226 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In order to avoid changing the calibration of electrical equipment every time a new set of fundamental constants is recommended, the electrical metrology community decided to use a set of constants fixed at the 1990 values. 9 These constants, denoted with the subscript 90, are K J−90 ≡ 483 597.9 × 10 9 Hz V −1 and R K−90 ≡ 25 812.807 Ω. Both of these constants are used to realize the so called conventional units.…”

Section: Background On Watt Balances and The Link To Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Article: A precise instrument to determine the Planck constant, and the future kilogram

Haddad

Seifert

Chao

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A precise instrument, called a watt balance, compares mechanical power measured in terms of the meter, the second, and the kilogram to electrical power measured in terms of the volt and the ohm. A direct link between mechanical action and the Planck constant is established by the practical realization of the electrical units derived from the Josephson and the quantum Hall effects. We describe in this paper the fourth-generation watt balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and report our initial determination of the Planck constant obtained from data taken in late 2015 and the beginning of 2016. A comprehensive analysis of the data and the associated uncertainties led to the SI value of the Planck constant, h = 6.626 069 83(22) × 10−34 J s. The relative standard uncertainty associated with this result is 34 × 10−9.

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Section: Background On Watt Balances and The Link To Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Article: A precise instrument to determine the Planck constant, and the future kilogram

Haddad

Seifert

Chao

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…The constants of proportionality K J and R K are called the Josephson constant and the Von Klitzing constant, respectively. Practical values for K J and R K have been recommended to facilitate the international comparison of voltage and resistance measurements [30]. The recommended values are denoted by K J−90 and R K−90 , respectively.…”

Section: Metrological Motivation For Set Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Single-Electron Metrology

Flensberg

Odintsov

Liefrink

et al. 1999

Int. J. Mod. Phys. B

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We review the status of the understanding of single-electron transport (SET) devices with respect to their applicability in metrology. Their envisioned role as the basis of a high-precision electrical standard is outlined and is discussed in the context of other standards. The operation principles of single electron transistors, turnstiles and pumps are explained and the fundamental limits of these devices are discussed in detail. We describe the various physical mechanisms that influence the device uncertainty and review the analytical and numerical methods needed to calculate the intrinsic uncertainty and to optimise the fabrication and operation parameters. Recent experimental results are evaluated and compared with theoretical predictions. Although there are discrepancies between theory and experiments, the intrinsic uncertainty is already small enough to start preparing for the first SET-based metrological applications. DFM-98-R27Towards single-electron metrology 2

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“…It also makes the calculations of the scatter of uncertainty much easier. In addition to the above types of uncertainties, in order to weight the approached uncertainty, the conventional value of the Planck constant is given by applying the conventional (i.e., adopted) values of the Josephson constant K J-90 and von Klitzing constant R K-90 [6,7]. Thus, the international standard of the Planck constant value was chosen to improve the uniformity of the comparison of subsequent measurements.…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plank’s Constant: Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty

Menin¹,

Expert²

2018

NHMP

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Abstract. In this article, we present a new metric called the comparative uncertainty, according to which the least achievable relative uncertainty is calculated when measuring the Planck constant. To calculate the comparative uncertainty, information theory is used. The optimizing criterion is the number of quantities considered in the model. Its calculation is possible due to the fact that any model contains a certain amount of information about the object under study. Comparative uncertainty can be verified by field trials or computer simulations within a specified range of changes of the Planck constant. The concept of introduced uncertainty is universal and can be recommended for estimating the accuracy of measurements in the study of physical phenomena and technological processes. Examples of application of the proposed approach are discussed.

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New International Electrical Reference Standards Based on the Josephson and Quantum Hall Effects

Cited by 226 publications

References 54 publications

Invited Article: A precise instrument to determine the Planck constant, and the future kilogram

Invited Article: A precise instrument to determine the Planck constant, and the future kilogram

Towards Single-Electron Metrology

Plank’s Constant: Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty

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