This thesis is focused on exploration of Australian and Antarctica marine plants and invertebrates for the discovery of new and unusual natural products. A marine extract library (Capon) of over 2500 Australian and Antarctica marine plants and invertebrates was the platform for this research.High-throughput chemical profiling was executed by UHPLC-DAD to rapidly de-replicate, prioritise and fast track the chemical analysis of 2626 marine extracts. The acquired data was compiled as a chromatography-based library, establishing one central platform equipped with chromatography knowledge of the entire marine collection. Concurrently, assessing the biological potentials of the extract library was carried out in order to rapidly prioritise extracts. Employed biological assays included Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) screening and α 5 β 3 γ 2 -GABA A modulatory screening. Bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to guide the discovery of bioactive natural products. The prioritised hits were subjected to extraction, isolation and purification employing various techniques such as trituration, solvent-solvent partitioning, SPE fractionation, size exclusion chromatography, and analytical/semi-preparative and preparative HPLCs. Spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, [α]