New Jersey Pine Plains: The “True Barrens” of the New Jersey Pine Barrens

Gibson, David J.; Zampella, Robert A.; Windisch, Andrew G.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511574627.004

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…4). Moderate intensity, patchy fires would be typical, leaving unburned refugia in which graminoids and fire-sensitive plant and insect species could persist (Gibson et al, 1999). Scrub oak and pitch pine could establish and persist, but would be frequently topkilled.…”

Section: Fire Sorting Of Pine Barrens Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual ecological models for the Long Island pitch pine barrens: implications for managing rare plant communities

Jordan

Patterson

Windisch

2003

Forest Ecology and Management

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Fire dependent pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) and scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia Wang.) barrens are found on coarse-textured, droughty soils in the northeastern United States. These communities are globablly rare and, in many areas, dependent on active management to sustain them. We used historic and recent aerial photographs of the Central Pine Barrens in New York to develop transition matrices and trajectories of vegetation change. A vegetation map for 1990 provided pre-burn cover type information for a 1,200 ha area burned by an extremely severe wildfire in August 1995. Geographic information system analyses, a firehistory study, post-wildfire research and existing literature provided additional information for development of three conceptual models that describe our understanding of vegetation change in response to fire and land clearing. A simulation model was then used to predict the amount of each cover type in 2046. The reasonableness of the prediction was assessed based on our understanding of pine barrens vegetation dynamics.In 1938, following a period of frequent, intense wildfires of the region, 90% of vegetation in the study area was open canopy barrens (including dwarf pine plains, pitch pine-scrub oak woodland, heath, pine-heath woodland, and scrub oak shrubland). Between 1938 and 1994, wildfires decreased in size, the average area burned per year generally declined, and there were no fires in 70% of the study area. As a result, barrens decreased to $45% of study area vegetation. In August 1995, an unusually severe summer wildfire converted 810 ha of woodland and forest into scrub oak shrubland, and increased barrens to 60% of study area vegetation. Most areas of heath and pine-heath, which comprised 24% of barrens vegetation in 1996, are successional types that developed on formerly cleared land. In the absence of extensive burning, we expect barrens vegetation to be converted to closedcanopy forest as coppice trees and new seedlings mature. Recent changes in fire regimes are likely to result in a loss of barrens vegetation that exceeds predictions of the simulation model. Careful use of prescribed fire and/or mechanical treatments to simulate the effects of fire are recommended for future restoration and maintenance of pitch pine barrens, and for protection of human life and property. #

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Section: Fire Sorting Of Pine Barrens Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual ecological models for the Long Island pitch pine barrens: implications for managing rare plant communities

Jordan

Patterson

Windisch

2003

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…However, not many studies have been conducted so far in this regard, and most studies investigate the variability in growth [5,6], morphological features [7,8], and cultivation suitability [9] of this species. Some studies refer to the comparison of dwarf forms of pine trees with stands of normal shape growing in New Jersey, Long Island, and the Shawangunk Mountains [10]. Fires [11,12], low soil richness [13], toxic concentrations of aluminum, and high wind speed [14] are significant environmental conditions leading to the formation of dwarf forms.…”

Section: Digital Signaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) growing in the Niepołomice Forest as determined by ISSR markers

et al. 2018

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The study aimed to determine the genetic variability in pitch pine (<em>Pinus rigida</em> Mill.) growing in the Niepołomice Forest (southern Poland). In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Adolf Cieślar of the Department of Forestry Research in Mariabrunn near Vienna, Austria established the experimental crops of pitch pine. During the study, 227 trees that grew in seven subunits were considered; an analysis of genetic polymorphism using the intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) technique revealed that pitch pine is genetically variable. The average number of alleles at a given locus for all the pine trees was 1.649, while the effective number of alleles at the loci was 1.435. The value of expected heterozygosity was 0.254, while the percentage of polymorphic loci was 75.30%. The average genetic distance between the examined pines was 0.082. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) divided the examined pines into three groups, which was also confirmed by the structure-analysis results of the software STRUCTURE. The resulting division was mainly generated by the SR70 primer, which was indicated to be the primer that differentiated the examined populations of pitch pine. Affiliation of particular trees to selected groups was based on their occurrence in individual crops. This suggests a different origin of the seeds used to establish the research plots of pitch pine in the Niepołomice Forest.

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“…Phenotypic variation in P. rigida is more extreme than for many other woody species. While the species typically grows to mature heights of 8-12 m, there are several distinctive dwarf populations (Olsvig et al, 1979;Gibson et al, 1999): two within the New Jersey pine barrens, one in eastern Long Island, New York, one in the Shawangunk Mountains near Albany, New York, and one in the Berkshire Mountains of Massachusetts. In these sites, mature pitch pines, which comprise the forest canopy, range from less than 1 m to 3 m tall, with a twisted, crooked, multistemmed growth form.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sources of variation in growth, form, and survival in dwarf and normal‐stature pitch pines (Pinus rigida, Pinaceae) in long‐term transplant experiments

Fang

Taub

Fox

et al. 2006

American J of Botany

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Determining the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to phenotypic variation is critical for understanding the evolutionary ecology of plant species, but few studies have examined the sources of phenotypic differentiation between nearby populations of woody plants. We conducted reciprocal transplant experiments to examine sources of variation in growth rate, form, survival, and maturation in a globally rare dwarf population of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and in surrounding populations of normal-stature pitch pines on Long Island, New York. Transplants were monitored over a 6-yr period. The influence of seedling origin on height, growth rate, survival, and form (single-stemmed vs. multi-stemmed growth habit) was much smaller than the effect of transplanting location. Both planting site and seed origin were important factors in determining time to reproduction; seedlings originating from dwarf populations and seedlings planted at the normal-stature site reproduced earliest. These results suggest that many of the differences between dwarf and normal-stature pitch pines may be due more to plastic responses to environmental factors than to genetic differentiation among populations. Therefore, preservation of the dwarf pine habitat is essential for preserving dwarf pine communities; the dwarf pines cannot be preserved ex situ.

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New Jersey Pine Plains: The “True Barrens” of the New Jersey Pine Barrens

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Conceptual ecological models for the Long Island pitch pine barrens: implications for managing rare plant communities

Conceptual ecological models for the Long Island pitch pine barrens: implications for managing rare plant communities

Genetic variability in pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) growing in the Niepołomice Forest as determined by ISSR markers

Sources of variation in growth, form, and survival in dwarf and normal‐stature pitch pines (Pinus rigida, Pinaceae) in long‐term transplant experiments

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