New Laws for Domestic Workers

Nuclear spin based quantum information processing at high magnetic fields

“…It is said that even the fastest classical algorithms require a time period on the order of O(exp(log N ) 1/3 (log log N ) 2/3 ) ∼ 10 9 years when N , the integer to be factored, is approximately a 10 3 digit number. Indeed, this challenging aspect of the factorization problem has been exploited as a basis for cryptography by some existing public key cryptographic systems, which count upon the virtual impossibility of factoring sufficiently large numbers [1][2][3][4][5]. With growing electronic commerce, such public key encryption systems are finding widespread application in financial transactions.…”

“…Yet the quantum character makes possible new qubit superposition states, such as α|1 + β|0 , where α and β are complex amplitudes, which do not have an analogue in the classical bit. This possibility for state superposition at the qubit stage in the quantum computer leads, at a higher level, to the prospect of superposition in computational paths, and a massive parallel computer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Special features of quantum systems such entanglement, quantum interference and superposition have been examined recently in order to look for fresh solutions to intractable classical computing problems, and this search has resulted in, for example, a new factorization algorithm [9], which utilizes exponentially fewer computational steps than the best classical algorithm.…”

“…Here, two wires, one each at the top and bottom, can be electrically merged or separated with the aid of an electrically tunable gate barrier, G B . Each wire can be measured separately using associated contacts that have been labelled alphabetically (A-F) or numerically(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The electron density in the top (bottom) wire can be changed using gate G 1 (G 2 ).…”