We have used sol-gel encapsulation protocols to trap kinetically and spectroscopically distinct conformational populations of native horse carbonmonoxy myoglobin. The method allows for direct comparison of functional and spectroscopic properties of equilibrium and non-equilibrium populations under the same temperature and viscosity conditions. The results implicate tertiary structure changes that include the proximal heme environment in the mechanism for population-specific differences in the observed rebinding kinetics. Differences in the resonance Raman frequency of (Fe-His), the iron-proximal histidine stretching mode, are attributed to differences in the positioning of the F helix. For myoglobin, the degree of separation between the F helix and the heme is assigned as the conformational coordinate that modulates both this frequency and the innermost barrier controlling CO rebinding. A comparison with the behavior of encapsulated derivatives of human adult hemoglobin indicates that these CO binding-induced conformational changes are qualitatively similar to the tertiary changes that occur within both the R and T quaternary states. Protein-specific differences in the time scale for the proposed F helix relaxation are attributed to variations in the intra-helical hydrogen bonding patterns that help stabilize the position of the F helix.
Myoglobin (Mb)1 continues to be used as a model protein system for investigations into how structure, dynamics, and reactivity interconnect to give rise to functionality. Recently there has been a renewed interest in myoglobin based on several new developments. From a functional point of view there are indications and suggestions that, apart from its physiological importance in facilitating oxygen diffusion, myoglobin has functions arising from its ability to participate in catalytic multisubstrate reactions involving such molecules as NO, O 2 , and H 2 O 2 (1-3). In addition the presence of apolar intra-protein substrate docking sites (the so-called Xe cavities) (4, 5) have recently been linked both to these newly proposed functions and to the kinetic patterns associated with geminate and bimolecular ligand binding (3, 6 -13).These new developments highlight fundamental biophysical issues that have not been fully addressed despite the extensive research effort that has been directed toward myoglobin. The issue that we address in this work relates to ligand reactivity as a function of conformation. Several studies show that myoglobin can adopt different tertiary conformations. In particular there is evidence that the equilibrium distribution of tertiary conformations is different for the deoxy (ferrous five coordinate) and CO derivatives of Mb. X-ray crystallographic studies show that there is a small clam shell-like rotation of the E and F helices in going from deoxy to COMb (14) as well as adjustments in the positioning of residues in the distal heme pocket (8 -10, 15, 16) that may or may not be related to the clam shell motion. Recent time-resolved x-ray crystallographic stud...