“…The requirement for a beginning and an end, or the ‘decline and fall’ narrative highlighted by Hingley (Chapter 9) result in simplistic interpretations of reduced density of buildings (for example) when the nuances of population migration and adaption can be overlooked. Hingley's discussion of the later Roman period, in particular, shows the useful work produced by Gerrard (2011), using vast assemblages to refine knowledge of specific aspects of the later town. The changing nature of land use throughout later phases may not be as final as previously thought; Hingley (p. 223) uses the example of a dumped horse carcass at 1 Poultry, taken to represent the last activity.…”