New Material of Eocene Helaletidae (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and Comments on Related Localities of the Huheboerhe Area

Bai, Bin; Wang, Yuanqing; Mao, Fang‐Yuan; Meng, Jin

doi:10.1206/3878.1

Cited by 468 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…He further considered all of them to have come from the “Irdin Manha” beds [1]. Recent investigations in the Erlian Basin clarified that the so-called “Irdin Manha” beds and “Houldjin gravels” are actually equal to “Arshanto Formation” and “Irdin Mahan Formation” in the Camp Margetts area [16–19]. Thus, the specimens AMNH FM 81851 (Fig 4A), 81799 (Fig 4B–4D), 81850, and 81800 from the “Irdin Manha” beds, 7 miles southwest of Camp Margetts are from the Arshanto Formation at Huheboerhe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dashzeveg and Hooker [31] erected Irdinolophus , based on “ Helaletes ” mongoliensis , as a representative of primitive deperetellids. However, Bai et al [16] reassigned “ Helaletes ” mongoliensis to the helaletid Desmatotherium as originally named by Osborn [32]. Based on the postcranial material of Teleolophus from the Erlian Basin, Bai et al [6] argued that Colodon is more similar to Heptodon than to Teleolophus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new early Eocene deperetellid tapiroid illuminates the origin of Deperetellidae and the pattern of premolar molarization in Perissodactyla

et al. 2019

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Deperetellidae is a clade of peculiar, Asian endemic tapiroids from the early and middle Eocene. The previously published material mainly comprises maxillae, mandibles, and some postcranial elements. However, the absence of cranial materials and primitive representatives of the deperetellids obscures their phylogenetic relationships within Tapiroidea. Furthermore, derived deperetellids have completely molarized premolars, but the pattern of their evolution remains unclear. Here, we report a nearly complete skull and some carpals of a new basal deperetellid tapiroid, Irenolophus qii gen. et sp. nov., from the late early Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. We suggest that deperetellids (along with Tapiridae) probably also arose from some basal ‘helaletids’, based on the reduced, flat, lingually depressed metacones on the upper molars, the trend towards the bilophodonty on the lower molars, and a shallow narial notch with the premaxilla in contact with the nasal. The molarization of the premolars in Deperetellidae from Irenolophus through Teleolophus to Deperetella was initiated and gradually enhanced by the separation between the paraconule and the protocone. That pattern differs from the protocone-hypocone separation in helaletids, tapirids, and most rhinoceroses, and the metaconule-derived pseudohypocone in amynodontids. However, the specific relationship of deperetellids within Tapiroidea and the roles of different patterns of premolar molarization in perissodactyl evolution need further and comprehensive study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new early Eocene deperetellid tapiroid illuminates the origin of Deperetellidae and the pattern of premolar molarization in Perissodactyla

et al. 2019

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“…mccarrolli n. sp. and ‘ M .’ invictus , if supported by additional fossil material (note that the latter species is known only by a single tooth) and a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, would be consistent with the early to middle-Uintan-equivalent age of the Irdin Manha Formation (Bai et al, 2017).…”

Section: Systematic Paleontologymentioning

confidence: 53%

“…sylvestris became available (Wang and Tedford, 1994). Clade D also includes ‘ Miacis ’ lushiensis , a middle Eocene taxon from east Asia, as one of its early-diverging members (the holotype IVPP V4811 is likely of an Irdinmanhan age, which is approximately equivalent to an early-to middle Uintan age [Chow, 1975; Tsubamoto et al, 2004; Bai et al, 2017]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world

et al. 2021

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The middle Eocene Washakie Formation of Wyoming, USA, provides a rare window, within a single depositional basin, into the faunal transition that followed the early Eocene warming events. Based on extensive examination, we report a minimum of 27 species of carnivorous mammals from this formation, more than doubling the previous taxic count. Included in this revised list are a new species of carnivoraform, Neovulpavus mccarrolli n. sp., and up to ten other possibly new taxa. Our cladistic analysis of early Carnivoraformes incorporating new data clarified the array of middle Eocene taxa that are closely related to crown-group Carnivora. These anatomically relatively derived carnivoraforms collectively had an intercontinental distribution in North America and east Asia, exhibiting notable variations in body size and dental adaptation. This time period also saw parallel trends of increase in body size and dental sectoriality in distantly related lineages of carnivores spanning a wide range of body sizes. A new, model-based Bayesian analysis of diversity dynamics accounting for imperfect detection revealed a high probability of substantial loss of carnivore species between the late Bridgerian and early Uintan North American Land Mammal ‘Ages’, coinciding with the disappearance of formerly common mammals such as hyopsodontids and adapiform primates. Concomitant with this decline in carnivore diversity, the Washakie vertebrate fauna underwent significant disintegration, as measured by patterns of coordinated detection of taxa at the locality level. These observations are consistent with a major biomic transition in the region in response to climatically induced opening-up of forested habitats.UUID: http://zoobank.org/9162f1a6-a12c-4d55-ba1d-dc66e8cda261

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Post‐rift Tectonic History of the Songliao Basin, NE China: Cooling Events and Post‐rift Unconformities Driven by Orogenic Pulses From Plate Boundaries

et al. 2018

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The classic lithosphere‐stretching model predicts that the post‐rift evolution of extensional basin should be exclusively controlled by decaying thermal subsidence. However, the stratigraphy of the Songliao Basin in northeastern China shows that the post‐rift evolution was punctuated by multiple episodes of uplift and exhumation events, commonly attributed to the response to regional tectonic events, including the far‐field compression from plate margins. Three prominent tectonostratigraphic post‐rift unconformities are recognized in the Late Cretaceous strata of the basin: T11, T03, and T02. The subsequent Cenozoic history is less constrained due to the incomplete record of younger deposits. In this paper, we utilize detrital apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology to unravel the enigmatic timing and origin of post‐rift unconformities. Relating the AFT results to the unconformities and other geological data, we conclude that in the post‐rift stage, the basin experienced a multiepisodic tectonic evolution with four distinct cooling and exhumation events. The thermal history and age pattern document the timing of the unconformities in the Cretaceous succession: the T11 unconformity at ~88–86 Ma, the T03 unconformity at ~79–75 Ma, and the T02 unconformity at ~65–50 Ma. A previously unrecognized Oligocene unconformity is also defined by a ~32–24 Ma cooling event. Tectonically, all the cooling episodes were regional, controlled by plate boundary stresses. We propose that Pacific dynamics influenced the wider part of eastern Asia during the Late Cretaceous until Cenozoic, whereas the far‐field effects of the Neo‐Tethys subduction and collision processes became another tectonic driver in the later Cenozoic.

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New Material of Eocene Helaletidae (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and Comments on Related Localities of the Huheboerhe Area

Cited by 468 publications

References 40 publications

A new early Eocene deperetellid tapiroid illuminates the origin of Deperetellidae and the pattern of premolar molarization in Perissodactyla

A new early Eocene deperetellid tapiroid illuminates the origin of Deperetellidae and the pattern of premolar molarization in Perissodactyla

Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world

Post‐rift Tectonic History of the Songliao Basin, NE China: Cooling Events and Post‐rift Unconformities Driven by Orogenic Pulses From Plate Boundaries

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