New material of Sus strozzii (Suidae, Mammalia) from the Early Pleistocene of Italy and a phylogenetic analysis of suines

Cherin, Marco; Sorbelli, Leonardo; Crotti, Marco; Iurino, Dawid A.; Sardella, Raffaele; Souron, Antoine

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.029

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…1, Table 1). Due to a lack of an exhaustive phylogenetic analysis of fossil suid taxa, the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of some fossil suids are still debated (van der Made 1998; Fessaha 1999; Harris and Leakey 2003; Geraads 2004; Souron et al 2015a; Cherin et al 2018; Reda et al 2019). The commonly accepted species that follow an ancestor–descendant relationship are: (1) the Notochoerus euilus – Notochoerus scotti lineage (subfamily: Tetraconodontinae; Cooke and Wilkinson 1978; Harris and White 1979; van der Made 1998; Bishop 1999); (2) the Kolpochoerus limnetes – Kolpochoerus paiceae lineage (subfamily: Suinae; Cooke and Wilkinson 1978; Souron et al 2015a; Souron 2017); and (3) the Metridiochoerus sp.– Metridiochoerus andrewsi – Metridiochoerus compactus lineage (subfamily: Suinae; Harris and White 1979; White et al 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why the long teeth? Morphometric analysis suggests different selective pressures on functional occlusal traits in Plio-Pleistocene African suids

Yang

Pisano²,

Kolasa³

et al. 2022

Paleobiology

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Neogene and Pleistocene African suids displayed convergent evolutionary trends in the third molar (M3) morphology, with increasingly elongated and higher crowns through time. While these features can prevent premature loss of masticatory functionality and potentially increase long-term reproductive success, changes in dental occlusal traits such as enamel complexity and thickness can also improve chewing efficiency and increase short-term energetic return. While both long-term and short-term benefits can contribute to the thriving of a lineage, the selective pressures associated with each category can be different. To examine how crown elongation correlates with these functional occlusal traits, we selected M3s of Kolpochoerus, Notochoerus, and Metridiochoerus from Kenya and South Africa, dated between 3.0 Ma and 0.4 Ma. To account for dental wear, we used micro-computed tomography imaging of unworn/slightly worn M3s to simulate wear progression within each tooth. We compared morphometric representatives of occlusal enamel complexity and thickness among the specimens following their respective wear trajectories. We found that M3 elongation correlates with higher occlusal complexity and thinner enamel in Notochoerus and Metridiochoerus lineages through time. In Kolpochoerus, enamel complexity and thickness were generally maintained through time, despite M3 elongation. The differences in M3 morphometric trends suggest that Kolpochoerus likely experienced a different set of selective pressures on functional occlusal traits compared with Notochoerus and Metridiochoerus. The shared evolutionary trends of M3 specialization among Notochoerus and Metridiochoerus suggest similar selective pressures on their chewing efficiency and the possibility of a dietary niche overlap in more xeric habitats.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why the long teeth? Morphometric analysis suggests different selective pressures on functional occlusal traits in Plio-Pleistocene African suids

Yang

Pisano²,

Kolasa³

et al. 2022

Paleobiology

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“…The Pantalla vertebrate assemblage is formed by an indeterminate bird (a single thoracic vertebra); Rodentia: Apodemus dominans ; Carnivora: Canis etruscus , Vulpes sp., Lynx issiodorensis valdarnensis , Acinonyx pardinensis , Lutraeximia umbra ; Artiodactyla: Leptobos merlai , ‘ Pseudodama ’ nestii , Sus strozzii ; Perissodactyla: Equus stenonis ; Proboscidea: Mammuthus cf. meridionalis 34 , 35 , 44 , 51 – 67 . This local faunal assemblage can be referred to the early Late Villafranchian (ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pleistocene Fight Club revealed by the palaeobiological study of the Dama-like deer record from Pantalla (Italy)

Cherin

Breda

Esattore

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Here, we report on the exceptionally well-preserved deer record from the locality of Pantalla (central Italy), dated in the Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.1–2.0 million years ago). The fossils show a combination of characters that allows an unambiguous attribution to ‘Pseudodama’ nestii, of which they represent one of the most informative collections to date. Our comparisons—also conducted through CT-based methods on endocranial structures—reveal that the cranial and postcranial skeleton of ‘P.’ nestii displays a mosaic of intermediate characters between extant Dama and Cervus, but also that the affinities with Dama are prevalent. Some Cervus-like features especially in cranial morphology, can be interpreted as plesiomorphic characters supporting a basal position of ‘Pseudodama’ among the Cervini. Interestingly, three bone anomalies are described in the two male crania of ‘P.’ nestii from Pantalla and are interpreted as palaeotraumatological evidence resulting from different injuries suffered by the deer during their life. This allows opening a treasure trove of information on paleobiological aspects, including ontogeny and antler cycle and function.

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“…Finally, some authors resurrected the genus Dasychoerus Gray, 1873, to include extinct and extant verrucosic warty pigs (Berdondini 1992, as a subgenus; Pickford 2012). However, the monophyly of this group is not adequately supported (Frantz et al 2016;Cherin et al 2018) and therefore we refer these species to Sus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, some remains previously assigned to P . p r ov i nc i a l i s a c t u al l y b e l o n g t o Su s s tr o zz i i Forsyth Major, 1881, a large-sized early Pleistocene (Middle Villafranchian to Epivillafranchian) suid (Azzaroli 1952;Cherin et al 2018Cherin et al , 2020Iannucci et al 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suidae Transition at the Miocene-Pliocene Boundary: a Reassessment of the Taxonomy and Chronology of Propotamochoerus provincialis

et al. 2020

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The Miocene-Pliocene (Turolian-Ruscinian) transition represents a fundamental interval in the evolution of Euro-Mediterranean paleocommunities. In fact, the paleoenvironmental changes connected with the end of the Messinian salinity crisis are reflected by a major renewal in mammal faunal assemblages. An important bioevent among terrestrial large mammals is the dispersal of the genus Sus, which replaced all other suid species during the Pliocene. Despite its possible paleoecological and biochronological relevance, correlations based on this bioevent are undermined by the supposed persistence of the late surviving late Miocene Propotamochoerus provincialis. However, a recent revision of the type material of this species revealed an admixture with remains of Sus strozzii, an early Pleistocene (Middle Villafranchian to Epivillafranchian) suid, questioning both the diagnosis and chronological range of P. provincialis. Here we review the late Miocene Suidae sample recovered from the Casino Basin (Tuscany, central Italy), whose taxonomic attribution has been controversial over the nearly 150 years since its discovery. Following a comparison with other Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Eurasian species, the Casino Suidae are assigned to P. provincialis and the species diagnosis is emended. Moreover, it is recognized that all the late Miocene (Turolian) European Propotamochoerus material belongs to P. provincialis and that there is no compelling evidence of the occurrence of this species beyond the Turolian-Ruscinian transition (MN13-MN14).

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New material of Sus strozzii (Suidae, Mammalia) from the Early Pleistocene of Italy and a phylogenetic analysis of suines

Cited by 26 publications

References 67 publications

Why the long teeth? Morphometric analysis suggests different selective pressures on functional occlusal traits in Plio-Pleistocene African suids

Why the long teeth? Morphometric analysis suggests different selective pressures on functional occlusal traits in Plio-Pleistocene African suids

A Pleistocene Fight Club revealed by the palaeobiological study of the Dama-like deer record from Pantalla (Italy)

Suidae Transition at the Miocene-Pliocene Boundary: a Reassessment of the Taxonomy and Chronology of Propotamochoerus provincialis

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