New Medium for In Vitro Susceptibility Studies with Amphotericin B

Utz, C.; White, S. C.; Shadomy, Smith

doi:10.1128/aac.10.4.776

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…They suggested that this might indicate a difference in cell wall structure between the two forms. A-3 was originally described for susceptibility testing of yeasts with amphotericin B by Utz et al (18). We found that use of this medium enabled us to make clear-cut endpoint determinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Cilofungin (LY121019), an antifungal agent with specific activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

Hall

Myles

Pratt

et al. 1988

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Cilofungin (LY121019) is an antifungal agent that interferes with beta-glucan synthesis in the cells walls of fungi. The activity of this agent against 256 clinical isolates of yeasts was determined. It was found to be very active in vitro against Candida albicans (MIC for 90% of isolates [MIC90], less than or equal to 0.31 microgram/ml; minimal fungicidal concentration for 90% of isolates [MFC90], less than or equal to 0.31 micrograms/ml) and C. tropicalis (MIC90, less than or equal to 0.31 microgram/ml; MFC90, less than or equal to 0.31 microgram/ml) and moderately active against Torulopsis glabrata (MIC90 and MFC90, less than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml). All C. parapsilosis, Cryptococcus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were resistant. The activity of cilofungin was affected by medium and inoculum size. Antibiotic medium no. 3 was used as the standard medium. Isolates of C. albicans and C. tropicalis demonstrated a paradoxical effect in Sabouraud dextrose broth and yeast nitrogen base broth in that growth was partially inhibited at MICs equivalent to those in antibiotic medium no. 3, but growth continued, in many instances, throughout all concentrations tested. There was decreased activity of cilofungin with inocula greater than 10(5) CFU/ml. The temperature and duration of incubation did not affect its activity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…A wide variety of newer antifungal agents have been tested, mainly in vitro, with varying degrees of success. Some, such as the nikkomycins (10,18) and polyoxins (1,14), inhibit chitin synthesis; the allylamines inhibit ergosterol synthesis in the cell membrane, thus affecting permeability. Examples of the allylamines are naftitine (15) and tolnaftate (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cilofungin (LY121019), an antifungal agent with specific activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

Hall

Myles

Pratt

et al. 1988

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“… 1 In the decade that followed its antifungal properties were recognized, and by 1968 flucytosine was used in humans for the treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis. 2 , 3 Flucytosine is a pyrimidine analogue that lacks intrinsic antifungal activity, but is taken up by susceptible fungal cells and deaminated intracellularly to its active metabolite, 5-fluorouracil, by fungal cytosine deaminase. 4 The further conversion of 5-fluorouracil produces metabolites that inhibit fungal RNA and DNA synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population pharmacokinetics and CSF penetration of flucytosine in adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

Stott

Ahmadu

Kajanga

et al. 2023

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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Background There are limited data describing clinical flucytosine pharmacokinetics (PK). The variability of flucytosine partitioning into the CNS is not known. We described the interindividual variability in flucytosine PK in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. In addition, we quantified the extent and variability of CSF partitioning of flucytosine. Methods A PK study was conducted in 64 patients with confirmed HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in Blantyre, Malawi. A four-compartment PK model was developed, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed with flucytosine administered at different doses and in different schedules. Results The estimated mean apparent volume of the central compartment was 17.50 (SD 9.99) L; mean apparent clearance was 5.88 (SD 3.35) L/h; mean apparent volume of the CNS compartment was 41.73 (SD 13.66) L. From the Bayesian posterior estimates, AUC24 values at steady state (144–168 h) with doses of 25 mg/kg q6h were median (IQR) 890.38 (603.81–1213.70) mg.h/L in plasma and 595.66 (425.69–776.64) mg.h/L in CSF. The ratio of CSF:plasma AUC24 was 0.69 (IQR 0.58–0.82). Conclusions This study revealed significant interindividual variability in flucytosine PK in plasma and CSF in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The population PK model is a first critical step for revised flucytosine regimens that maximize fungal killing and minimize toxicity and the emergence of resistance.

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Fungi

Roberts¹

1985

Laboratory Procedures in Clinical Microbiology

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New Medium for In Vitro Susceptibility Studies with Amphotericin B

Abstract: Antibiotic medium 20 FDA and antibiotic medium 3 FDA were compared to determine if antibiotic medium 3 would be suitable for in vitro susceptibility testing with amphotericin B.

Cited by 11 publications

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Cilofungin (LY121019), an antifungal agent with specific activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

Cilofungin (LY121019), an antifungal agent with specific activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

Population pharmacokinetics and CSF penetration of flucytosine in adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

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