New Method for Generating Strut-and-Tie Models of Three-Dimensional Concrete Anchorage Zones and Box Girders

Zhong, Jitao; Wang, Lai; Zhou, Man; Li, Yunfeng

doi:10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001078

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the past decades, topology optimization, 1,2 as a cutting-edge mathematical and mechanical theory, has been used to assist the design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, especially for complex stressed components (such as deep beam 3,4 and box girder, 5,6 ) or joint. 7,8 Among various of topology optimization algorithms of continuum structures, evolutionary structural optimization type (ESO-type) algorithms, 9 and solid isotropic material penalty model type (SIMP-type) algorithms 10 have been thoroughly concerned and applied in recent years as their good convergence and stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of feasible reinforcement domain on the topology optimization with discrete model finite element analysis

Luo

Zhang

Wang

2022

Structural Concrete

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In topology optimization with discrete model finite element analysis (FEA), feasible reinforcement domain determines to a large extent the result, and the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency of optimization as well. Therefore, a cantilever reinforced concrete short beam was comparatively optimized based on five feasible reinforcement domains with complexity at different levels, respectively. The outcomes exhibit that, it is reasonable to evolve reinforcement layout by topology optimization with discrete model FEA. The orientation of diagonal reinforcement in optimal topologies from complex feasible reinforcement domains would correspond more to the orientation of the principal tensile stress than that using simple ones, since complex ones have rebar distribution with high density or diagonal reinforcement with various orientations. After optimization, the global stress level of the reinforcement decreases, and then utilization rate of the reinforcement strength increases. Additionally, the consumption of rebar and the workload of reinforcement engineering only slightly increased, although such optimal reinforcement topologies are relatively complex. Consequently, the mechanical properties of concrete members can be substantially improved by using a more complex feasible reinforcement domain for optimizing rebar distribution. A complex domain should be chosen on the premise of completing the optimization within a reasonable time in engineering applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of feasible reinforcement domain on the topology optimization with discrete model finite element analysis

Luo

Zhang

Wang

2022

Structural Concrete

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“…Leu, Huang, Chen, and Liao (2006) applied a refined ESO TO method to obtain optimized material layouts for creating 3D STM models. Similarly, based on the ESO TO methods, He and Liu (2010) generated STM models for anchorage diaphragms, Shobeiri and Ahmadi‐Nedushan (2017) applied a bidirectional ESO method to obtain optimized material distributions for several 3D D‐regions, and Zhong, Wang, Zhou, and Li (2017) used a microtruss‐based ESO method for 3D STM models. Yun, Kim, and Ramirez (2018) generated 3D STM models using a grid‐based approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization‐based three‐dimensional strut‐and‐tie model generation for reinforced concrete

Xia

Langelaar

Hendriks

2020

Computer aided Civil Eng

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Strut-and-tie modelling (STM) is an effective and widely used method to design disturbed regions (D-regions) of reinforced concrete structures. Among the various steps of STM, finding a suitable truss-analogy model is the most challenging part. Even for experienced engineers it is difficult to find representative models for complex D-regions, and this task is even harder for three-dimensional (3D) Dregions. To date, only a few 3D STM models have been proposed by researchers for several complex D-regions, which leaves practitioners with little guidance.In order to solve this problem, a method is proposed to automatically generate 3D optimization-based STM (3D-OPT-STM) models. The generation method comprises a compliance-based topology optimization process that generates optimized structural forms by maximizing stiffness, a topology extraction method, and a shape optimization method. In this study, three 3D-OPT-STM models are generated for typical 3D D-regions, and their performances are compared to manually created STM models. The generated 3D-OPT-STM models result in more economical designs. Moreover, geometrical and loading parameter studies demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the proposed method.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…In the last two decades, topology optimization method was widely used to automatically develop the STM [3], however, optimal topology of the D region modelled by solid element could fail to reflect the characteristics of force spreading [4].The emergency of micro-truss element provide an enhanced method for modelling and developing the optimal strut-and-tie model [5]. Further, the two-dimensional micro-truss element can be extended to three-dimensional [6], which is more challenging for determine an optimal STM with continuum model for concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Plane Equivalent Micro-truss Element for Reinforced Concrete Structures

Xue¹,

Lam²

2019

World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering

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Plane or solid elements are the most commonly used elements for finite element analysis (FEA), especially for predicting the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures in engineering practices. However, there are some limitations in the continuum model built with plane or solid elements. Traditional FEA with the continuum model is not only time consuming due to numerous degrees of freedom but also difficult to predict crack propagation. Properly replacing the continuum model with micro-truss elements in the analysis could be cost effective, especially for automatically generating the strut-and-tie model (STM), which is an ideal tool for analysis and design of the distributed region (D region). In this paper, a micro-truss element consisting of four nodes, using horizontal, vertical and diagonal members only hinged at both ends of the element is proposed to replace the plane elements. The equivalence formulas between the micro-truss element and the plane element are derived. The result was validated by comparing the solution of three cases modelled by Abaqus standard element. Moreover, the feasibility of combining with other types of element was studied by modelling a simply supported beam with reinforcements.

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New Method for Generating Strut-and-Tie Models of Three-Dimensional Concrete Anchorage Zones and Box Girders

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Influence of feasible reinforcement domain on the topology optimization with discrete model finite element analysis

Influence of feasible reinforcement domain on the topology optimization with discrete model finite element analysis

Optimization‐based three‐dimensional strut‐and‐tie model generation for reinforced concrete

A Plane Equivalent Micro-truss Element for Reinforced Concrete Structures

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