New methodology in infant operant kicking procedures: computerized stimulus control and computerized measurement of kicking

Kraebel, Kimberly S.; Fable, Jennifer; Gerhardstein, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2003.05.005

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This approach offers an additional dependent measure, beyond the typical looking-time data that have been the primary source of information regarding this issue in the literature to date, with which to assess infants' object perception abilities. As a corollary, the present results demonstrate that, as reported by Kraebel et al (2004), the computerized mobile apparatus is an effective adaptation of the classical apparatus (Rovee & Rovee, 1969), and produces good learning and retention of a mobile displayed during the training period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…A third group was tested with the same novel view, but following a shorter retention interval (group View-Change-1 hr), and a fourth group was tested with a different simple shape (group Shape-Change; e.g., trained with cylinder and tested with brick). A computerized mobile apparatus was employed for operant training and testing (see Kraebel, Fable, & Gerhardstein, 2004 for a detailed description of the apparatus).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reinforcement provided by this apparatus, and a comparison to the nonmechanized version from which it was derived, can be found in Kraebel et al (2004). The presence of five objects on the mobile presented the infant with a range of visible orientations during training and testing, even when the objects were not in motion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of training views on infants' long‐term memory for simple 3D shapes

Kraebel

West

Gerhardstein

2007

Developmental Psychobiology

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This investigation explored infants' ability to retrieve a memory for a simple 3D shape from a novel view following a 24-hr delay. Tests of memory for shape in infancy have typically used extremely short delay intervals between familiarization and test in examining the ability to equate between substantially different views of a 3D object. The current study used longer delays to assess the content of a long-term memory representation. Infants 3-4 months of age learned to kick to move a mobile displaying a simple 3D shape (brick or cylinder). Results of three experiments show that infants can recognize 3D shapes in a novel viewpoint across a 24-hr delay, provided that experience with a sufficiently wide range of views is available during training. The results suggest a capacity for the perception of 3D shape that enables access, across long delays, to a memory representation of sufficient detail that discrimination between two simple shapes (i.e., a cylinder and a brick) is possible. The results suggest that this representation is of a sufficiently abstract nature that perception of the 3D form of the object, independent of the changes in specific features accompanying changes in viewpoint, is also possible. This finding suggests that infants, like adults, possess a functional memory system for the distal shape of simple 3D objects, and can transfer training to a novel view using long-term memory, but that this ability is not as strong as in the mature system. These results have implications for the development of shape perception and for theories of object recognition in general.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of training views on infants' long‐term memory for simple 3D shapes

Kraebel

West

Gerhardstein

2007

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…The design of this experiment was to expose infants to an elastic yoke between the legs (or no yoke in controls) during two consecutive baseline periods, then to provide reinforcement to experimental subjects by attaching a ribbon between one leg and an overhead mobile during five acquisition trials. Infants quickly learned to kick more frequently and more vigorously to cause the mobile to move, an effect that has been extensively explored by Rovee-Collier and other developmental researchers interested in infant memory (Kraebel, Fable, & Gerhardstein, 2004;Rovee & Rovee, 1969;Rovee-Collier, Hayne, & Colombo, 2001;Rovee-Collier, Morrongiello, Aron, & Kupersmidt, 1978). In the Thelen study, infants that experienced the interlimb yoke learned to kick both legs in a conjugate pattern, thereby moving the mobile more vigorously (Thelen, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugate limb coordination after experience with an interlimb yoke: Evidence for motor learning in the rat fetus

Robinson

2005

Developmental Psychobiology

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This study investigated the capacity of the E20 rat fetus to adaptively alter patterns of interlimb coordination in a prenatal model of motor learning. Fetal limb movement was manipulated with an interlimb yoke, consisting of a fine thread attached at the ankles, which created a physical linkage between two limbs. Exposure to the yoke resulted in a gradual increase in conjugate movements of the yoked limbs during a 30-min training period, which persisted after removal of the yoke. Training effects were evident when the yoke was applied to two hindlimbs, two forelimbs, or a homolateral forelimb-hindlimb pair. A savings in the rate of acquisition also was observed when fetuses experienced yoke training in a second session. These data argue that the rat fetus can respond to kinesthetic feedback resulting from variation in motor performance, which suggests that experience contributes to the development of coordinated motor behavior before birth.

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“…Por ejemplo Kraebel, Fable y Gerhardstein (2004) entrenaron a un grupo de bebés de entre 2 a 3 meses de edad en una prueba en la que el pataleo era contingente con el movimiento de un móvil que el niño observaba. Hallaron que la tasa de la respuesta se incrementaba significativamente en contraposición con un grupo no contingente, en que el pataleo no producía el movimiento del móvil.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto del contraste sucesivo negativo en la valoración emocional de imágenes

et al. 2013

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Resumen: Se presentan dos experimentos para estudiar el efecto de la reducción del valor de incentivo sobre las respuestas de tiempo de observación y valoración de la emocionalidad de las imágenes, mediante una escala Likert. En ambos estudios un grupo de sujetos observó una serie de fotografías del Sistema Internacional de Imagen Afectiva (International Affective Picture System; IAPS) clasificadas como placenteras de alta activación (fase de pre-cambio) y luego, placenteras de baja activación (fase de post-cambio, Grupo Experimental, GE). Otro grupo observó en ambas fases solamente las imágenes placenteras de baja activación (Grupo Control, GC). No hubo efectos en el tiempo de observación de las imágenes pero sí en su valoración emocional. Durante la fase de post-cambio el GE evaluó las imágenes de baja activación como menos emocionales que el GC. El Experimento 2 replica el resultado cuando se interpone una tarea distractora entre cada ensayo de presentación de las imágenes. Estos resultados indican que la valoración afectiva de las imágenes está modulada por efectos de contraste negativo y que su mecanismo es de origen central. Palabras clave: Contraste negativo; imagen; IAPS; emoción.Title: Successive negative contrast effect on the emotional evaluation of images Abstract: Two experiments were presented in which the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was used to study the effect of the incentive value downshift upon the observation time and emotional valuation responses in humans. One group observed pleasant slides of high arousal (pre-shift phase) and then pleasant slides of low arousal (post-shift phase, Experimental Group, GE). The Control Group (GC) observed pleasant slides of low arousal in both phases. There was not an effect on the observation time measure, but a successive negative contrast (SNC) effect was found in the emotional valuation measure. During the post-shift phase, the GE evaluated the slides as less emotional than the GC. These results indicate that the affective evaluation of the images is modulated by negative contrast effect.

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New methodology in infant operant kicking procedures: computerized stimulus control and computerized measurement of kicking

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

The influence of training views on infants' long‐term memory for simple 3D shapes

The influence of training views on infants' long‐term memory for simple 3D shapes

Conjugate limb coordination after experience with an interlimb yoke: Evidence for motor learning in the rat fetus

Efecto del contraste sucesivo negativo en la valoración emocional de imágenes

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