New model of ventilator-associated pneumonia in immunocompetent rabbits*

Charles, Pierre‐Emmanuel; Piroth, Lionel; Desbiolles, Norbert; Lequeu, Catherine; Martin, Laurent; Portier, H.; Chavanet, P.

doi:10.1097/00003246-200210000-00016

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the present study, doses of .7.56 log 10 cfu were not used, since they have previously been shown to produce 100% morbidity and 100% mortality in animals [7,8,17]. The present histological data were similar to the description of lung tissue samples seen in rabbits inoculated with a 100% lethal dose of S. pneumoniae [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…An overall macroscopic score was calculated as the sum of all lobar macroscopic scores, plus 2 points in the case of pleural effusion (range 0-29). This method has already been successfully used in a rabbit model of pneumonia [7,8]. Macroscopic diagnosis of pneumonia was defined as positive when the score in one lobe was .2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pneumococcal pneumonia was induced as previously described [7,8]. Briefly, on the day of the experiment (day 1), rabbits were anaesthetised intramuscularly with a ketamine-xylazine mixture and orally intubated with a 3.5-mm cuffed endotracheal tube.…”

Section: Animals and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous experiments in rabbits used inoculum doses of S. pneumoniae which ranged 3.70-9.18 log 10 cfu [7,8]. Even when the same serotypes of pneumococcus were used in experiments, such a wide range of inoculum dose and the large differences in mortality make these studies difficult to interpret and compare.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between the inoculum dose ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeand pneumonia onset in a rabbit model

Yershov

Jordan²,

Guymon³

et al. 2005

Eur Respir J

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It is generally assumed that the development of bacterial pneumonia becomes possible when the dose of inhaled or aspirated pathogens overwhelms the respiratory tract host defence system, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested either clinically or experimentally.This study evaluated inoculum dose in relation to onset of experimental pneumococcal pneumonia, and estimated the median effective dose resulting in pneumonia in healthy New Zealand White rabbits (mean¡SD 4.75¡0.25 kg (n527)). Rabbits were endobronchially inoculated with increasing doses of Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumonia onset was observed over the following 96 h. The diagnostic approach was based on the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, modified for use in rabbits.Inoculation of S. pneumoniae at doses of .4.60 log 10 cfu made the development of pneumonia in rabbits more predictable (up to 90%). Lower doses of bacteria failed to cause pneumonia in 80% of inoculated animals. The median effective dose was estimated by means of logistical regression, probit analyses and the Reed-Muench method, and corresponded to 4.32, 4.38 and 4.67 log 10 cfu, respectively.It is speculated that development of pneumococcal pneumonia becomes more likely when the inoculum dose exceeds a threshold of antibacterial protection, making inoculum dose a risk factor for disease onset.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Relationship between the inoculum dose ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeand pneumonia onset in a rabbit model

Yershov

Jordan²,

Guymon³

et al. 2005

Eur Respir J

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“…MV can deeply alter this flimsy equilibrium by inducing inappropriate TLR expression. All these data add new insights into the underlying mechanisms by which MV promotes bacterial growth and injury within the lung [21][22][23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Toll-like receptors: a link between mechanical ventilation, innate immunity and lung injury?

Charles

Barbar

2010

Intensive Care Med

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Tissue‐Compatible and Lubricated Hydrogel Catheter with Promising Activity Against Polymicrobial Infections for Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia Prevention

Kong,

Guo,

Yiming

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Endotracheal intubation is a vital means of saving critically ill patients. However, the inserted catheter often causes tissue damage and the formation of tenacious biofilms containing drug‐resistant bacteria and fungi, leading to severe ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). Currently, the resolution of VAP is usually based on antibiotic treatment and lacks targeted prophylaxis. Here, a quaternary phosphonium salts functionalized hydrogel catheter that enhances tissue compatibility yet inhibits complex and tenacious pathogens in the catheter, thus preventing VAP is reported. By copolymerizing the quaternary phosphonium electrolyte and acrylic acid monomers, the hydrogel catheter demonstrates good shape‐supporting ability, and its strength and modulus can be adjusted over a wide range to meet the needs of different ages. Moreover, it possesses good tissue compatibility, antifouling properties, stable lubrication capability, and superior hydrophilicity, which may mitigate tissue damage caused by contact. Importantly, the hydrogel catheter demonstrates potent broad‐spectrum intrinsic antimicrobial activity, eradicating nearly 99% of multi‐drug resistant bacteria and 80% of fungi. To validate its role in preventing VAP, the real VAP pathogenesis process is mimicked, establishing a polymicrobial infections model considering time effects. The results prove that the hydrogel catheter effectively inhibits the invasion of various drug‐resistant pathogens and prevents biofilm formation.

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New model of ventilator-associated pneumonia in immunocompetent rabbits*

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Relationship between the inoculum dose ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeand pneumonia onset in a rabbit model

Relationship between the inoculum dose ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeand pneumonia onset in a rabbit model

Toll-like receptors: a link between mechanical ventilation, innate immunity and lung injury?

Tissue‐Compatible and Lubricated Hydrogel Catheter with Promising Activity Against Polymicrobial Infections for Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia Prevention

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