New Models for Considering the Role of Medication in the Treatment and Elucidation of the Etiology of Autism

Smile, Sharon; Anagnostou, Evdokia

doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0326-3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Current treatments for ASDs are limited to behavioral interventions once problems have developed and been detected . There is no medication currently indicated for the treatment of core autism symptoms , likely due to a lack of demonstrated efficacy of medications for core ASD symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot proteomic study of protein markers in autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2014

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis is increasing, with 1/88 children believed to be affected by the disorder, with a most recent survey suggesting numbers as high as 1/50. Treatment and understanding of ASD causes is a pressing health concern. ASD protein biomarkers may provide clues about ASD cause. Protein biomarkers for ASDs could be used for ASD diagnosis, subtyping, treatment monitoring, and identifying therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed the sera from seven children with ASD and seven matched controls using Tricine gel electrophoresis (Tricine-PAGE) and LC-MS/MS. Overall, we found increased levels of apolipoproteins ApoA1 and ApoA4, involved in cholesterol metabolism and of serum paraoxanase/arylesterase 1, involved in preventing oxidative damage, in the sera of children with ASD, compared with their matched controls. All three proteins are predicted to interact with each other and are parts of high-density lipoproteins. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in larger subject numbers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot proteomic study of protein markers in autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2014

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“…Animal studies allow coherent investigations of the cells, neural circuits, and pathophysiological processes relevant to ASD (30). Therefore, recent ASD research has changed focus from behavioral observations of symptoms to translating findings from animal models through the use of pharmacological and genomic manipulations, in order to reverse the symptoms relevant to ASD (31). There are broadly two types of animal models for ASD: etiology-driven models, in which environmental factors that cause ASD-like pathological processes are examined by exposure to certain chemicals or infections during pre-to post-natal, early developmental periods (32), and genomic-driven models, in which gene factors relevant to ASD pathology are investigated using transgenic manipulations in animals (6,29,33).…”

Section: From Genetic To Behavioral Studies In Mouse Models Of Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Multisensory Assessment to Functional Interpretation of Social Behavioral Phenotype in Transgenic Mouse Models for Autism Spectrum Disorders

Arakawa

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common heterogeneous disorder, defined solely by the core behavioral characteristics, including impaired social interaction and restricted and repeated behavior. Although an increasing number of studies have been performed extensively, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the core symptoms of ASD remain largely unknown. Transgenic mouse models provide a useful tool for evaluating genetic and neuronal mechanisms underlying ASD pathology, which are prerequisites for validating behavioral phenotypes that mimic the core symptoms of human ASD. The purpose of this review is to propose a better strategy for analyzing and interpreting social investigatory behaviors in transgenic mouse models of ASD. Mice are nocturnal, and employ multimodal processing mechanisms for social communicative behaviors, including those that involve olfactory and tactile senses. Most behavioral paradigms that have been developed for measuring a particular ASD-like behavior in mouse models, such as social recognition, preference, and discrimination tests, are based on the evaluation of distance-based investigatory behavior in response to social stimuli. This investigatory behavior in mice is regulated by multimodal processing involving with two different motives: first, an olfactory-based novelty assessment, and second, tactile-based social contact, in a temporally sequential manner. Accurate interpretation of investigatory behavior exhibited by test mice can be achieved by functional analysis of these multimodal, sequential behaviors, which will lead to a better understanding of the specific features of social deficits associated with ASD in transgenic mouse models, at high temporal and spatial resolutions.

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“…Recent autism research has changed focus from behavioural observations of autism to translating findings from animal models and genomic manipulation studies to pharmacological agents, with the aim to reverse the interior symptoms of autism (14). The brain mechanisms responsible for autism are not fully understood and the animal models, which parallel related emotional and cognitive impairments, may be helpful in sorting out these mechanisms (15).…”

Section: Why Animal Model Of Autism Study Is Necessarymentioning

confidence: 99%