“…Vibration energy harvesting, as a renewable energy production method, converts vibrations caused by human movement, mechanical equipment, underwater flow, etc., into usable electrical energy. Piezoelectric [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], electromagnetic [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], electrostatic [ 10 , 11 ], and triboelectric [ 12 , 13 ] technologies are common conductive mechanisms in this field. Compared with other conduction mechanisms, piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters have received extensive attention and research because of their simple structure, high energy density, and freedom from electromagnetic interference.…”