New Mouth less Interstitial Worms from the Sulfide System: Symbiosis with Prokaryotes

Ott, Jörg; Rieger, Gunde; Rieger, Reinhard M.; Enderes, F.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00282.x

Cited by 70 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The thiobiotic species studied by Jensen (1986Jensen ( , 1987 have a mouth opening and all species have a gut, showing oral feeding; taking this all together indicates that differentiated mixotrophy takes place. I find no clear evidence from bright field microscopic observations that these species have internal procaryotic symbionts similar to those in Siphonolaimidae (Ott et al 1982). Desmolaimoides thiobioticus and Filitonchoides thiobloticus (Jensen 1986) and Pardnhomoeus sp.…”

Section: Trans-epidermal Uptake Of Dommentioning

confidence: 61%

“…clinging around the tubes of the polychaete Sabella sp. (Jensen 1983b) as well as the presence of the extremely slender and gut-and-mouthless nematode Astomonema jenneri attached outside the tubes of the polychaete Onuphis jennen' (Ott et al 1982). The thiobiotic species studied by Jensen (1986Jensen ( , 1987 have a mouth opening and all species have a gut, showing oral feeding; taking this all together indicates that differentiated mixotrophy takes place.…”

Section: Trans-epidermal Uptake Of Dommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding ecology of free-living aquatic nematodes

Jensen¹

1987

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

239

168

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The buccal cavity structure of free-living aquatic nematodes indicates 4 feeding groups: deposit feeders, epistrate feeders, scavengers and predators. This is in contrast to a previous classification which united omnivores and predators and separated deposit feeders into selective and nonselective groups. The new classification shows that the previous view that heavy predator pressure plays a major role in the structuring of meiobenthic communities has been much overemphasized. Most predatory species in the previous classification are herein recognized as 'garbage collectors', i.e. species with scavenging feeding habits. The actual feeding behaviour of epistrate-feeding specles shows that they are able to break open cell membranes of food items in the buccal cavity and suck out the cell contents (juice feeders), in contrast to deposit-feeding species which swallow the whole food item (particulate feeders), indicating different sets of digestive enzymes. Buccal cavity morphology within predators indicates 2 feeding types. Trans-epidermal uptake of dissolved organic matter is suggested as an additional food supply for thiobiotic species [mainly deposit feeders), hence indicahng mixotrophy. Size, shape, quality and quantity of food items may to some extent explain coexistence of congeners. Nematode mobility and mucus release may attract potential food or keep food sources in optimal condition, i.e. gardening.

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Section: Trans-epidermal Uptake Of Dommentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Trans-epidermal Uptake Of Dommentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding ecology of free-living aquatic nematodes

Jensen¹

1987

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

239

168

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“…One notable observation in recent canyon meiofauna studies has been the recurrence of the chemotrophic nematode genus Astomonema, which lacks a mouth and has a reduced digestive system, whilst it hosts endosymbiotic, thiotrophic bacteria (Ott et al 1982;Vidakovic and Boucher 1987;Dando et al 1991;Austen et al 1993;Giere et al 1995). So far, it has been identified in canyon systems in the NE and NW Atlantic (Baltimore and Norfolk canyons, Nazare, Setubal and Cascais canyons, Whittard Canyon and Gollum Channels) and the Mediterranean (Blanes Canyon) (Ingels et al , 2011aTchesunov et al 2012;Ingels, unpublished data;Roman, unpublished data).…”

Section: Adaptation Of Meiofauna To Canyon Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review

et al. 2017

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Extreme marine environments cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface and offer many opportunities for investigating the biological responses and adaptations of organisms to stressful life conditions. Extreme marine environments are sometimes associated with ephemeral and unstable ecosystems, but can host abundant, often endemic and welladapted meiofaunal species. In this review, we present an integrated view of the biodiversity, ecology and physiological responses of marine meiofauna inhabiting several extreme marine environments (mangroves, submarine caves, Polar ecosystems, hypersaline areas, hypoxic/anoxic environments, hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, carcasses/sunken woods, deep-sea canyons, deep hypersaline anoxic basins [DHABs] and hadal zones). Foraminiferans, nematodes and copepods are abundant in almost all of these habitats and are dominant in deep-sea ecosystems. The presence and dominance of some other taxa that are normally less common may be typical of certain extreme conditions. Kinorhynchs are particularly well adapted to cold seeps and other environments that experience drastic changes in salinity, rotifers are well represented in polar ecosystems and loriciferans seem to be the only metazoan able to survive multiple stressors in DHABs. As well as natural processes, human activities may generate stressful conditions, including deoxygenation, acidification and rises in temperature. The behaviour and physiology of different meiofaunal taxa, such as some foraminiferans, nematode and copepod species, can provide vital information on how organisms may respond to these challenges and can provide a warning signal of anthropogenic impacts. From an evolutionary perspective, the discovery of new meiofauna taxa from extreme environments very often sheds light on phylogenetic relationships, while understanding how meiofaunal organisms are able to survive or even flourish in these conditions can explain evolutionary pathways. Finally, there are multiple potential economic benefits to be gained from ecological, biological, physiological and evolutionary studies of meiofauna in extreme environments. Despite all the advantages offered by meiofauna studies from extreme environments, there is still an urgent need to foster meiofauna research in terms of composition, ecology, biology and physiology focusing on extreme environments.

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“…from Florida (Ott et al 1982), where the thickness of the bacterial coat comes close to the diameter of the nematode. For the present material, we estimate a coat thickness of 5-10 mm on a Leptonemella with 25 mm body diameter.…”

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptonemella species (Desmodoridae, Stilbonematinae), benthic marine nematodes with ectosymbiotic bacteria, from littoral sand of the North Sea island of Sylt: taxonomy and ecological aspects

Riemann

Thiermann

Bock

2003

Helgoland Marine Research

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Leptonemella species represent a dominant element of the nematode fauna in sulfidic, deep sediment layers on the sandy shore of Sylt. Based on collections sampled here in 1991-1999, a taxonomic treatise is presented on the three co-existing species, Leptonemella aphanothecae Gerlach, 1950, the closely related L. vicina sp. nov., and L. gorgo Gerlach, 1950. The high incidence of pseudohermaphrodites in the material, mostly functional females with a male copulatory apparatus, is remarkable. The highest population densities of Leptonemella spp. (up to 73 individuals/10 ml sand) were found near polychaete burrows. Because of the great spatial and temporal variations in the oxygen/sulfide regime of these microhabitats, and because of the strong adhesive capabilities of Leptonemella spp., which can anchor themselves firmly to sand grains using caudal glands, we propose that a hemisessile life strategy is employed by these nematodes to fulfill the metabolic needs of their sulfide-oxidizing ectosymbionts.

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New Mouth less Interstitial Worms from the Sulfide System: Symbiosis with Prokaryotes

Cited by 70 publications

References 28 publications

Feeding ecology of free-living aquatic nematodes

Feeding ecology of free-living aquatic nematodes

Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review

Leptonemella species (Desmodoridae, Stilbonematinae), benthic marine nematodes with ectosymbiotic bacteria, from littoral sand of the North Sea island of Sylt: taxonomy and ecological aspects

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