“…The 2HTM assumes that old/new judgments reflect a mixture of responses made in "memory"/"detection" states and in a "guessing" state in which information on the status of the item is not available. Despite the likely oversimplification and misconception of the underlying cognitive processes (Kinchla, 1994), this particular model and its extensions maintain a mathematical tractability that makes them quite useful in several implementations (see Batchelder, Riefer, & Hu, 1994) and extensions (e.g., Chechile, 2004). Three distinct parameter restrictions are considered here for the 2HTM: is included given that it (1) reflects the pattern of results usually found in the literature (e.g., , and (2) reflects the notion that D n captures distractor rejection processes that are, in part, conditional on memory for studied items as captured by D o (e.g., Rotello & Heit, 2000;Strack & Bless, 1994).…”