New nanocomposites based on polyamide containing imine groups reinforced with functionalized polyethyleneimine‐modified ZnO nanoparticles; fabrication, characterization and lead ion adsorption studies

Abstract

New polyamide (PA)/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared using polyethyleneimine (PEI) surface‐modified ZnO nanoparticles (PSMZ) by solution mixing method. PSMZ was prepared via imine linkages between PEI and silane‐amine functionalized ZnO nanoparticles. Multifunctional PA containing imine groups was synthesized by direct polycondensation reaction and used as a polymer matrix. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy results showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the PA matrix. The UV–Vis spectra of the nanocomposites exhibited reduction in absorption intensities due to high interactions between functional groups of PSMZ and PA. The thermogravimetric analysis results exhibited that the temperature at 10 mass% loss (T10) increased from 314 to 352°C for PA nanocomposite containing 6 mass% of PSMZ, as well as enhancement of char residue compared with the neat PA. Also, the synthesized PA and corresponding nanocomposites were used as effective adsorbent for the lead ions removal from aqueous solution, which the results showed up to 100% removal efficiency. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2602–2616, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Fabrication and study of thermal and combustion resistance of DOPO‐functionalized polyamide reinforced with organo‐modified Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles

“…Generally, polyimines with symmetric structure are known as thermally stable polymers 56 . Also, the combination of amide group with imine, along with aromatic ring can increase the thermal stability of polymers 57 . As previously mentioned, the DOPO segment can be separated from the main chain of the polymer at about 310–360 °C, directly related to the lower initial thermal stability of DOPA, as compared to PAIm.…”

Polyamide nanocomposites containing hydrazide–hydrazone group reinforced with functionalized polyethyleneimine modified Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles: Study on thermal properties, combustion resistance, and lead ion adsorption

“…According to literature, PEI and its functionalized derivatives, to achieve different applications, were used as surface organically modifier for nanoparticles. [7,44,45] Branched PEI can be used in various pH in the aqueous solutions because of its high buffering capacity; therefore, is used for trapping of several types of metal ions such as copper, cadmium, uranium, zinc, nickel, and lead. [46][47][48] In this work, PEI was functionalized with phenolic-imine groups because of two reasons; first, due to increasing the compatibility with the PA structure, and the second is to enhance its removal efficiency for the adsorption of lead ions.…”

“…[60] Chelating polymers such as polymers containing imines and hydrazide-hydrazones have been widely used to remove of the undesired heavy and toxic metal ions such as Pb 2+ from wastewater. [7,8,15] According to the literature, hydrazone functional groups is a type of well-known ioncoordinative owing to the presence of NH , C═O, and C═N segments in its structure, which has been introduced for the adsorption of the metal ions from aqueous solution. [61] T A B L E 1 Thermal properties data of PA, PANC 2,5,& 8 F I G U R E 1 0 HRR curves of PA, PANC 2 & 5.…”

“…[4] Among the existing techniques, adsorption has received more attention than others, and various adsorbents are available such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, zeolites, polymers, and polymer nanocomposites. [5][6][7][8] Recently, polymeric nanocomposite materials have been used as an effective alternative to common adsorbents to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater due to their excellent properties such as stability in the environment, easy preparation, and cost-effectiveness. [8][9][10] These materials with several adsorbent sites and the large surface area have been introduced as promising candidates for the heavy metal adsorption.…”

“…Furthermore, structural modification can increase the removal efficiency of MDH in the heavy metal adsorption. [7] In this work, a new aliphatic-aromatic polyamide containing hydrazide-hydrazone was synthesized, and the effect of functionalized PEI/Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles on its thermal and combustion properties, and also lead removal efficiency were investigated. PEI was modified with salicylaldehyde for two main goals.…”