New, normative, English-sample data for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4)

Warttig, Sheryl L; Forshaw, Mark; South, Jane; White, Alan

doi:10.1177/1359105313508346

Cited by 470 publications

(416 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Logically, the reverse would also hold for those who are employed during a recession -increasing their feelings of insecurity, and burdening them with the need to justify their employ constantly to retain their jobs. Whilst our unemployed group were more stressed than our employed group, it also worth noting that these are higher than recent general population norms for the PSS-4 in (Warttig et al 2013), indicating that our employed group are significantly more stressed (Mean 6.11 vs Mean of 10.3, p < .01). However, given that our unemployed reported higher stress, it still does not really explain the between biological group differences observed here.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Unemployment is associated with lower cortisol awakening and blunted dehydroepiandrosterone responses

Gallagher

Sumner

Muldoon

et al. 2016

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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DisclaimerThe University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT.This is a peer-reviewed, post-print (final draft post-refereeing) version of the following published document:Gallagher, Stephen and Sumner, Rachel C and Muldoon, Orla T and Creaven, AnnMarie andHannigan, Ailish (2016). Unemployment is associated with lower cortisol awakening and blunted dehydroepiandrosterone responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 69, 41-49. ISSN 03064530Published in Psychoneuroendocrinology, and available online at:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453016300725We recommend you cite the published (post-print) version.The URL for the published version is http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.03.011 DisclaimerThe University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT AbstractPrevious research has investigated the endocrinological consequences of unemployment as a likely pathway behind chronic stress and negative health outcomes. Despite these early attempts at delineating the neuroendocrine consequences of the chronic stress experienced by the unemployed, identifying a consistent and stable effect has remained elusive. Here we sought to strengthen existing knowledge into the effect of the stress of employment status on cortisol by improving on the methodological weaknesses of earlier studies and extend this line of enquiry by measuring the steroid hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate (DHEAS). Saliva samples were collected from unemployed and employe...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Unemployment is associated with lower cortisol awakening and blunted dehydroepiandrosterone responses

Gallagher

Sumner

Muldoon

et al. 2016

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…Responses are ranked through a Likert scale of 5 alternatives from Never (0) to Often (4). Warttig et al (2013) calculated the internal reliability of the above questionnaire as 0.77 and confirmed its validity. In Iran, Dibaji (1394) reported the reliability as 0.7 and confirmed its validity using concurrent validity.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Occupation or Home: Comparison Housewives and Working Women in the Variables of Stress, Depression and Perception of Quantitative, Mental and Emotional Home Demands

Dibaji¹,

Oreyzi²,

Abedi³

2017

RES

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In recent years, the employment rate of women, particularly in the service sector has been increasing and at the same time, researchers interested on the psycho-social consequences of women's employment especially on health. This study compared housewives and working women in terms of stress, depression and perception quantitative, mental and emotional home demands. For this purpose, a sample consists of 94 working women and 94 housewives among Isfahan women selected via convenience sampling and completed warttig et al. perceived stress questionnaire, Beck Depression II and peters et al. home demands questionnaire. Results revealed that working women perceived more depression and quantitative and mental home demands, but no differences between working women and housewives in terms of stress and emotional home demands. According to effort-recovery model, it seems that the pressures of work and family role, especially time pressure means that despite the positive role of work in working women, they were psychologically vulnerable because of the multiplicity of tasks. The results highlight the importance of culture in terms of the role of men in the house, especially in the case of families who identify working women.

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“…Eligible participants were English-speaking smartphone owners (Android or iPhone) between the ages of 18-70 years 2 who scored >5 on the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (reflecting higher-than-average perceived stress; Cohen et al, 1983;Cohen & Williamson, 1988;Warttig et al, 2013). To minimize the interference of medical conditions and behaviors on primary stress and biological outcomes (and to ensure the safety of participants and research staff), participant exclusion criteria included: chronic mental or physical disease; hospitalization for mental or physical illness in the past 3 months; medication use that interferes with HPA axis or immune system functioning; current antibiotic, antiviral, or antimicrobial treatment; use of oral contraceptives; and travel to countries on CDC travel alert list in the past 6 months (for potential bloodborne pathogen exposure).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance lowers stress reactivity: Dismantling mindfulness training in a randomized controlled trial

Lindsay

Young

Smyth

et al. 2018

Psychoneuroendocrinology

173

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Objective: Mindfulness interventions, which train practitioners to monitor their present-moment experience with a lens of acceptance, are known to buffer stress reactivity. Little is known about the active mechanisms driving these effects. We theorize that acceptance is a critical emotion regulation mechanism underlying mindfulness stress reduction effects. Method:In this three-arm parallel trial, mindfulness components were dismantled into three structurally equivalent 15-lesson smartphone-based interventions: (1) training in both monitoring and acceptance (Monitor+Accept), (2) training in monitoring only (Monitor Only), or (3) active control training (Coping control). 153 stressed adults (mean age = 32 years; 67% female; 53% white, 21.5% black, 21.5% Asian, 4% other race) were randomly assigned to complete one of three interventions. After the intervention, cortisol, blood pressure, and subjective stress reactivity were assessed using a modified Trier Social Stress Test.Results: As predicted, Monitor+Accept training reduced cortisol and systolic blood pressure reactivity compared to Monitor Only and control trainings. Participants in all three conditions reported moderate levels of subjective stress. Conclusions:This study provides the first experimental evidence that brief smartphone mindfulness training can impact stress biology, and that acceptance training drives these effects. We discuss implications for basic and applied research in contemplative science, emotion regulation, stress and coping, health, and clinical interventions.Trial Registration: Clinical Trials NCT02433431

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New, normative, English-sample data for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4)

Cited by 470 publications

References 37 publications

Unemployment is associated with lower cortisol awakening and blunted dehydroepiandrosterone responses

Unemployment is associated with lower cortisol awakening and blunted dehydroepiandrosterone responses

Occupation or Home: Comparison Housewives and Working Women in the Variables of Stress, Depression and Perception of Quantitative, Mental and Emotional Home Demands

Acceptance lowers stress reactivity: Dismantling mindfulness training in a randomized controlled trial

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