New observations on diet of the South American two-striped forest-pitviper Bothrops
            bilineatus smaragdinus (Hoge, 1966)

Venegas, Pablo J.; Chávez-Arribasplata, Juan C.; Almora, Eduardo; Grilli, Pablo Gervasio; Duran, Vilma

doi:10.31017/cdh.2019.(2017-031)

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This theory of toxin synergism and clots “trapping” toxins is discussed in Jackson et al [ 88 ]. Furthermore, B. bilineatus and B. taeniatus feed on a variety of vertebrates [ 14 , 89 , 90 ]; thus, rather than neurotoxicity evolving to target a particular prey type, neurotoxins may have evolved in the venom to incapacitate prey items quickly, decreasing the chance of prey dropping from the trees and escaping. This hypothesis, however, needs to be tested by ascertaining relative neurotoxic effects on prey-lineage targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Evolutionary Implications of Dynamic Coagulotoxicity Divergences in Bothrops (Lancehead Pit Viper) Venoms

Bourke

Zdenek

Tanaka-Azevedo

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Despite coagulotoxicity being a primary weapon for prey capture by Bothrops species (lancehead pit vipers) and coagulopathy being a major lethal clinical effect, a genus-wide comparison has not been undertaken. To fill this knowledge gap, we used thromboelastography to compare 37 venoms, from across the full range of geography, taxonomy, and ecology, for their action upon whole plasma and isolated fibrinogen. Potent procoagulant toxicity was shown to be the main venom effect of most of the species tested. However, the most basal species (B. pictus) was strongly anticoagulant; this is consistent with procoagulant toxicity being a novel trait that evolved within Bothrops subsequent to their split from anticoagulant American pit vipers. Intriguingly, two of the arboreal species studied (B. bilineatus and B. taeniatus) lacked procoagulant venom, suggesting differential evolutionary selection pressures. Notably, some terrestrial species have secondarily lost the procoagulant venom trait: the Mogi Mirim, Brazil locality of B. alternatus; San Andres, Mexico locality of B. asper; B. diporus; and the São Roque of B. jararaca. Direct action on fibrinogen was extremely variable; this is consistent with previous hypotheses regarding it being evolutionary decoupled due to procoagulant toxicity being the primary prey-capture weapon. However, human patients live long enough for fibrinogen depletion to be clinically significant. The extreme variability may be reflective of antivenom variability, with these results thereby providing a foundation for such future work of clinical relevance. Similarly, the venom diversification trends relative to ecological niche will also be useful for integration with natural history data, to reconstruct the evolutionary pressures shaping the venoms of these fascinating snakes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Evolutionary Implications of Dynamic Coagulotoxicity Divergences in Bothrops (Lancehead Pit Viper) Venoms

Bourke

Zdenek

Tanaka-Azevedo

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…We found no significant difference between control and treatment trials in the other measured parameters (depth in flower when tongue first extended, latency of tongue extension, total feeding event duration, head vertical angle, smoothness of entry). We considered feeding event duration to be an important variable, not as a proxy for nectar intake, but because hovering flight is energetically expensive [1][2][3], bats are vulnerable to predators while feeding [27][28][29], and bats are competing with conspecifics for a finite resource [30,31]. Bats may have learned quickly that the flower was stable, its nectar was not depleted, and its surroundings could not conceal predators, and therefore were not strongly motivated to minimize feeding time.…”

Section: (A) Behavioural Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Bothrops sp . ) prey upon nectarivorous and frugivorous bats [27] and have high strike speeds [28], a risk that has arguably led to short, quick feeding events by nectarivorous bats [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

By a whisker: the sensory role of vibrissae in hovering flight in nectarivorous bats

et al. 2023

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Whiskers are important tactile structures widely used across mammals for a variety of sensory functions, but it is not known how bats—representing about a fifth of all extant mammal species—use them. Nectar-eating bats typically have long vibrissae (long, stiff hairs) arranged in a forward-facing brush-like formation that is not present in most non-nectarivorous bats. They also commonly use a unique flight strategy to access their food—hovering flight. Here we investigated whether these species use their vibrissae to optimize their feeding by assisting fine flight control. We used behavioural experiments to test if bats' flight trajectory into the flower changed after vibrissa removal, and phylogenetic comparative methods to test whether vibrissa length is related to nectarivory. We found that bat flight trajectory was altered after vibrissae removal and that nectarivorous bats possess longer vibrissae than non-nectivorous species, providing evidence of an additional source of information in bats’ diverse sensory toolkit.

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“…Most adult specimens of Bothrops species are nocturnal and hunt mainly on the ground and some have a more specialized diet that includes small mammals (e.g., B. alternatus and B. cotiara), while others are more generalist, feeding on various animal groups (centipedes, anurous amphibians, lizards, other snakes, birds, small mammals) (e.g., B. atrox and B. moojeni) (59). Bothrops bilineatus is a species of nocturnal habits and that hunts predominantly while on vegetation, predating anurous amphibians, lizards, birds, rodents and bats (4,6,8,40,(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65). Despite it being predominantly nocturnal, Fonseca et al ( 8) observed three specimens in standby hunting activity during the early morning hours.…”

Section: Habitat Diel Activity and Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Bothrops bilineatus: An Arboreal Pitviper in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest

et al. 2021

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The two-striped forest-pitviper (Bothrops bilineatus) is an arboreal snake that is currently represented by two subspecies (B. b. bilineatus and B. b. smaragdinus) that comprise a species complex, and its distribution is in the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest. The rarity of encounters with this snake is reflected in the low occurrence of cases of snakebites throughout its geographic distribution and the resulting low number of published clinical reports. However, in some areas, B. bilineatus proves to be more frequent and causes envenomations in a greater proportion. Herein, we review the main aspects of the species complex B. bilineatus, including its biology, ecology, taxonomy, morphology, genetic and molecular studies, geographic distribution, conservation status, venom, pathophysiology and clinical aspects, and epidemiology. In addition, the different antivenoms available for the treatment of envenomations caused by B. bilineatus are presented along with suggestions for future studies that are needed for a better understanding of the snakebites caused by this snake.

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New observations on diet of the South American two-striped forest-pitviper Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus (Hoge, 1966)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical and Evolutionary Implications of Dynamic Coagulotoxicity Divergences in Bothrops (Lancehead Pit Viper) Venoms

Clinical and Evolutionary Implications of Dynamic Coagulotoxicity Divergences in Bothrops (Lancehead Pit Viper) Venoms

By a whisker: the sensory role of vibrissae in hovering flight in nectarivorous bats

Bothrops bilineatus: An Arboreal Pitviper in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest

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