New optical technology for low mass intelligent trigger and readout

Underwood, D. G.; Salvachua-Ferrando, Belen; López, Daniel; Liu, J; Michel, Jürgen; Kimerling, Lionel C.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/5/07/c07011

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, VCSELs have proven to be somewhat unreliable in these particle physics applications (Weidberg, 2012). One possible solution to the VCSEL reliability problem is to use optical modulators with a continuous wave laser instead of modulated lasers (Underwood et al, 2010). This allows the use of continuous wave lasers outside the tracking volume and very low power modulators (50 µW at 1 GHz, scaling with frequency) versus 16 mW for approximately 300 µW of light from a VCSEL and 45 mW for a 10 GHz driver.…”

Section: O High Speed Readout Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle and nuclear physics instrumentation and its broad connections

et al. 2016

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Section: O High Speed Readout Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle and nuclear physics instrumentation and its broad connections

et al. 2016

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“…We have been interested in integrated silicon optics and have done radiation tests of Ge doped Si modulator base material to levels of 10 17 electrons. [10] H Fig…”

Section: Modulators Under Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have been interested in integrated silicon optics and have done radiation tests of Ge doped Si modulator base material to levels of 10 17 electrons. [10] H More recently we have focused on two other paths, commercial silicon integrated optics devices which might be usable either directly or with small modifications, an example of which is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and InP modulators which are expected to be more radiation-resistant than silicon, due to the band structure of the material, and which are also available commercially and work up to 40 Gb/s.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulator-based, high bandwidth optical links for HEP experiments

Underwood

Drake

Fernando

et al. 2012

2012 18th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference

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As a concern with the reliability, bandwidth and mass of future optical links in LHC experiments, we are investigating CW lasers and light modulators as an alternative to VCSELs. These links will be particularly useful if they utilize light modulators which are very small, low power, high bandwidth, and are very radiation hard. We have constructed a test system with 3 such links, each operating at 10 Gb/s. We present the quality of these links (jitter, rise and fall time, BER) and eye mask margins (10GbE) for 3 different types of modulators: LiNbO3-based, InP-based, and Si-based. We present the results of radiation hardness measurements with up to ~10 12 protons/cm 2 and ~65 krad total ionizing dose (TID), confirming no single event effects (SEE) at 10 Gb/s with either of the 3 types of modulators. These optical links will be an integral part of intelligent tracking systems at various scales from coupled sensors through intra-module and off detector communication. We have used a Si-based photonic transceiver to build a complete 40 Gb/s bi-directional link (10 Gb/s in each of four fibers) for a 100m run and have characterized it to compare with standard VCSEL-based optical links. Some future developments of optical modulator-based high bandwidth optical readout systems, and applications based on both fiber and free space data links, such as local triggering and data readout and trigger-clock distribution, are also discussed.

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“…The basic material of the MIT EAM, Si with Ge near one surface, was exposed to large fluxes of 3 MeV electrons at the Argonne Van De Graff [7][8][9]. Fluxes of a few times 10 16 /cm 2 might be expected at the innermost tracking layer of an LHC detector with upgraded beam luminosity over ten years.…”

Section: Radiation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of low mass optical readout for high data bandwidth systems

Underwood

Delurgio

Drake

et al. 2010

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference

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At Argonne National Laboratory the High Energy Physics and Center for Nanoscale Materials Divisions are working on a project to develop a new generation of detector readout using high speed data transfer optical devices that can be implemented in particle physics or for long distances. Freespace communications devices offer the potential for reductions in mass, power, and cost of data paths for on-board trigger and readout of tracking detectors. The project involves three areas of study: light modulation, the design and construction of MEMS optical devices, and the control systems for maintaining precise laser light positioning. We demonstrate an optical link in air over one meter and with low error rate at 1 Gb/s. We demonstrate steering of an optical beam over a meter with a precision of 5 micrometers utilizing a MEMS mirror and reflected light in the feedback loop. For early testing, light modulation tests with a fiber link using Li-Niobate modulators and a data generation and error checking chip are done at 1Gb/s. Many companies and universities are developing modulators which will be incorporated into CMOS chips. We are doing radiation hardness studies for one of the materials involved. Laser light will need to be steered on to and kept centered on the detector in the presence of thermal or mechanical motion, etc. This steering will be controlled by MEMS mirrors. Polycrystalline and crystalline silicon based mirror designs are being studied. We review the current status of the project and outline plans for the future development of the system.

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New optical technology for low mass intelligent trigger and readout

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Particle and nuclear physics instrumentation and its broad connections

Particle and nuclear physics instrumentation and its broad connections

Modulator-based, high bandwidth optical links for HEP experiments

Development of low mass optical readout for high data bandwidth systems

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