New OTC Drugs and Devices 2003: A Selective Review

Newton, Gail D.; Pray, W. Steven; Popovich, Nicholas G.

doi:10.1331/154434504773062636

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…15 In the present study, the use of OTC products represented 154.9 $ per patient/year (14.4% of total costs), with an average costs of 171.3 $ when considering only those patients with more severe disease. The cost of OTC products represents a significant expense for patients because they are not reimbursed by the Spanish National Health System.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…At baseline, a global assessment of severity was made according to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Psoriasis was clinically graded into mild (PASI < 10), moderate (PASI [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and severe (PASI > 20). Patients were given additional clinic appointments at 3-monthly intervals in the subsequent 12 months -a total of five appointments -and were asked to record in a notebook any health resource use that could represent an expense related to the psoriasis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A prospective evaluation of the cost of psoriasis in Spain (EPIDERMA project: Phase II)

Carrascosa

Pujol

Daudén

et al. 2006

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective evaluation of the cost of psoriasis in Spain (EPIDERMA project: Phase II)

Carrascosa

Pujol

Daudén

et al. 2006

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…It promotes weight and fat loss through its ability to increase thermogenesis (18) and reduce appetite (19). However, intense media attention concerning serious events, such as high blood pressure, heart ailments and stroke (20), among people consuming ephedra led to its withdrawal from the market place (21). As consumer groups advocate more strongly for medical reimbursement of obesity‐related treatment, it may be of even greater interest to test currently available products (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus aurantium and synephrine alkaloids in the treatment of overweight and obesity: an update

et al. 2006

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Obesity is a major health problem facing the developed and developing world. Efforts by individuals, health professionals, educators, and policy makers to combat the escalating trend of growing obesity prevalence have been multifaceted and mixed in outcome. Various dietary supplements have been marketed to reduce obesity. These products have been suggested to accomplish this by decreasing energy intake and energy absorption, and/or increasing metabolic rate. Ephedra, one such supplement, was banned from sale in the US market because of concerns about adverse events. Another substance, Citrus aurantium, which contains several compounds including synephrine alkaloids, has been suggested as a safe alternative. This review examines the evidence for safety and efficacy of C. aurantium and synephrine alkaloids as examined in animal studies, clinical weight loss trials, acute physiologic studies and case reports. Although at least three reviews of C. aurantium have been published, our review expands upon these by: (i) distinguishing and evaluating the efficacy of C. aurantium and related compounds; (ii) including results from previously unreviewed research; (iii) incorporating recent case reports that serve to highlight, in an anecdotal way, potential adverse events related to the use of C. aurantium and related compounds; and (iv) offering recommendations to guide the design of future trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of C. aurantium. While some evidence is promising, we conclude that larger and more rigorous clinical trials are necessary to draw adequate conclusions regarding the safety and efficacy of C. aurantium and synephrine alkaloids for promoting weight loss.

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“…Ephedrine has also been widely available in dietary supplements for weight loss, increased energy, body building, etc. However, in the early 1990s concern arose over potentially serious adverse effects from such use of ephedrine, including cardiovascular, nervous-system, and other toxic effects, and in April 2004 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale in the United States of dietary supplements containing ephedrine or closely related compounds [120].…”

Section: Piuttimentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Chirality in Chemistry and Biology: Historical Milestones

Gál¹

2013

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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Beginning early in the 19th century, developments in crystallography, optics, and chemistry in France set the stage for the discovery of molecular chirality by Louis Pasteur in 1848. He found that the crystallization of the sodium ammonium salt of paratartaric acid, a mysterious isomer of natural (þ)-tartaric acid (TA), produced two different crystal types that were non-superimposable mirror-image forms of each other. He separated the two types and found their optical rotations in solution opposite in direction and equal in absolute magnitude. This led him to conclude that paratartaric acid is a combination of two mirror-image molecule types of TA that are dissymmetric, an existing term he adapted to the connotation of todays chiral. In 1857, he found that the two enantiomers of TA were metabolized by a microorganism at drastically different rates, and thereby discovered biological enantioselectivity. In 1886, Italian chemist Arnaldo Piutti discovered d-asparagine and found that it tasted intensely sweet, in contrast to the known l-asparagine which had no taste. This was the discovery of stereoselectivity at biological receptors. As a result of advances in stereoselective synthesis and enantioselective chromatography during the last decades of the 20th century, in the 1990s the importance of molecular chirality in drug action and disposition began to receive serious attention from drugregulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry, the overall result of which has been the nearcomplete disappearance of racemic drugs as newly introduced pharmaceuticals.

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New OTC Drugs and Devices 2003: A Selective Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

A prospective evaluation of the cost of psoriasis in Spain (EPIDERMA project: Phase II)

A prospective evaluation of the cost of psoriasis in Spain (EPIDERMA project: Phase II)

Citrus aurantium and synephrine alkaloids in the treatment of overweight and obesity: an update

Molecular Chirality in Chemistry and Biology: Historical Milestones

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