“…This underscores the vital role of KA sensing as a far-reaching research domain. A variety of sensing techniques, including fluorescence-based, 10 spectrophotometry, 11 electrochemistry, 12 high-performance liquid chromatography, 13 and mass spectrometry, 14 have been documented for KA determination in food and cosmetic items. Of these, electrochemical methods exhibit high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendliness, positioning them as a promising and favoured choice.…”