New particle formation in anthropogenic plumes advecting from Asia observed during TRACE‐P

Weber, R. J.; Lee, S.; Chen, G.; Wang, B.; Kapustin, V. N.; Moore, K.; Clarke, A. D.; Mauldin, L.; Kosciuch, E.; Cantrell, C. A.; Eisele, F. L.; Thornton, D. C.; Bandy, A. R.; Sachse, G. W.; Fuelberg, Henry E.

doi:10.1029/2002jd003112

Cited by 52 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It should be noted that, while S 0 in polluted regions is quite large, the concentration of precursor gases can be very high as well. (Weber et al, 2003). Table 2 gives the steady state ion-mediated nucleation rates at the critical size (J crit ) and at 3 nm (J 3 nm , i.e., the "apparent" formation rates as observed) under a number of different combinations of sulfuric acid concentration and surface area of preexisting particles.…”

Section: Simulations and Comparisons With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-mediated nucleation as an important global source of tropospheric aerosols

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Aerosol nucleation events have been observed at a variety of locations worldwide, and may have significant climatic and health implications. While ions have long been suggested as favorable nucleation embryos, their significance as a global source of particles has remained uncertain. Here, an ion-mediated nucleation (IMN) mechanism, which incorporates new thermodynamic data and physical algorithms, has been integrated into a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to study ion-mediated particle formation in the global troposphere. The simulated annual mean results have been compared to a comprehensive set of data relevant to particle nucleation around the globe. We show that predicted annual spatial patterns of particle formation agree reasonably well with land-, ship-, and aircraft-based observations. Our simulations show that, globally, IMN in the boundary layer is largely confined to two broad latitude belts: one in the northern hemisphere (∼20 • N-70 • N), and one in the southern hemisphere (∼30 • S-90 • S). In the middle latitude boundary layer over continents, the annual mean IMN rates are generally above 10 4 cm −3 day −1 , with some hot spots reaching 10 5 cm −3 day −1 . The zonally-averaged vertical distribution of IMN rates indicates that IMN is significant in the tropical upper troposphere, the entire middle latitude troposphere, and over Antarctica. Comparing the relative strengths of particle sources due to IMN and due to primary particle emissions demonstrates that IMN is significant on a global scale. Further research is needed to reduce modeling uncertainties and to understand the ultimate contribution of freshly nucleated particles to the abundance of cloud condensation nuclei.

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Section: Simulations and Comparisons With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-mediated nucleation as an important global source of tropospheric aerosols

et al. 2008

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“…Therefore, securing aerosol data sets of global coverage is important, especially with regard to the number concentration, which is of primary concern when it comes to cloud and aerosol interaction because the number of cloud droplets is initially determined by the number of aerosol particles that can be activated as embryonic cloud droplets at a given supersaturation (S). Such information is relatively scarce in East Asia compared to Europe and North America (Kumala et al, 2004), although various efforts have been made in recent years, including those that tried to characterize new particle formation (Weber et al, 2003;McNaughton et al, 2004;Wu et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2008;Park et al, 2008;Wiedensohler et al, 2009;Song et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2012Kim et al, , 2013 and CCN properties (Matsumoto et al, 1997;Adhikari et al, 2005;Yum et al, , 2007; J. H. Mochida et al, 2010;Rose et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the submicron aerosol distributions and CCN number concentrations in and around the Korean Peninsula

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Total number concentrations of particles having a diameter larger than 10 nm (N CN ), cloud condensation nuclei at several supersaturation (S) values (N CCN ) and number size distributions of particles with 10-414 nm diameter were measured in Seoul between 2004 and 2010. Overall average values of N CN and geometric mean diameter were 17 811 ± 5581 cm −3 and 48 ± 6 nm. Average N CCN at 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 % S were 4145 ± 2016, 5323 ± 2453 and 6067 ± 2780 cm −3 and corresponding N CCN / N CN were 0.26 ± 0.11, 0.33 ± 0.11 and 0.37 ± 0.12. There is a clear seasonal variation in aerosol concentration, which seems to be due to the monsoon. N CN and N CCN are also found to depend on the volume of traffic and the height of the planetary boundary layer, respectively.During aircraft campaigns in 2009 and 2011, N CN and N CCN at 0.6 % S (N 0.6 % ) were measured in and around the Korean Peninsula. During the 2011 campaign, the aerosol scattering coefficient was also measured. N CN and N 0.6 % in the lower altitudes were generally higher than at higher altitudes, except for cases when particle formation and growth events were thought to occur at higher altitudes. N CN and N 0.6 % generally show a positive correlation with aerosol scattering coefficients but this correspondence tends to vary with altitude. Occasional instances of low (< 0.3) N 0.6 % / N CN in the boundary layer are demonstrated to be associated with particle formation and growth events. With the support of ground measurements, it is confirmed that a particle formation and growth event did indeed occur over the Yellow Sea on a flight day, and the areal extent of this event is estimated to be greater than 100 km × 450 km.With the combination of the current and several relevant previous studies, a composite map of N CN and N CCN in and around the Korean Peninsula is produced. Overall, the exhibited concentrations are typical of values measured over polluted regions elsewhere on the globe. Moreover, there is a generally decreasing trend from west to east over the region, implying that the region is constantly under the dominant influence of continental outflow.

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“…Clement et al, 2002b) have shown that a large AP surface area will suppress nucleation events, if the SO 2 concentration is less than a specific value, due to the competing mechanisms of gas-phase nucleation and coagulation scavenging to pre-existing AP. In a plume with large AP surface area such as this, Weber et al (2003) indicated that new particle formation would proceed if the SO 2 concentration was above about 2 ppbv (the measured SO 2 concentration was about 0.5 ppbv). However, recent calculations by Kulmala et al (2006a) have shown that only a minimal amount of SO 2 may be required for the formation of 3 nm (diameter) particles via cluster activation, as opposed to classical binary homogeneous nucleation.…”

Section: Horizontal Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of regions of new particle formation by high concentrations of UCN is arbitrary and we have only included the obvious peak in UCN. For example, Weber et al (2003) considered areas of new particle formation to be regions where the UCN concentration exceeded 100 cm −3 which, if applied here, would extend the region of new particle formation to 1 km asl. Accumulation mode AP, as measured by the ASASP, had a maximum concentration of about 900 cm −3 and surface area 150 µm 2 cm −3 .…”

Section: Horizontal Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne observations of the effect of a cold front on the aerosol particle size distribution and new particle formation

Peter

Siems

Jensen

et al. 2010

Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.

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Airborne measurements of condensation nuclei (CN), aerosol particles (APs) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) were made near a cold front to examine new particle formation and the effects of the front on CN and SO 2 concentrations and the AP size distribution and concentration. Measurements were made in the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) both preceding and following the passage of the front. Statistical analyses of CN and AP concentrations in the air masses around the front show that new particle formation was prevalent in the pre-frontal and post-frontal FT, however the post-frontal FT contained higher concentrations of ultrafine condensation nuclei (UCN). Mixing diagrams of conserved thermodynamic quantities, total water content and wet equivalent potential temperature were constructed for horizontal aircraft transects in the pre-frontal and post-frontal FT regions; they show that many of the fluctuations in UCN concentrations can be explained by mixing of air masses with differing initial concentrations of UCN. However, regions of enhanced UCN were found to be associated with mixing between air masses of distinct thermodynamic properties, suggesting that mixing between air masses with large gradients in temperature and relative humidity may have promoted new particle formation. Furthermore, analysis of fluctuations in UCN concentrations during vertical soundings show that low pre-existing AP surface area was not a necessary requirement for the production of new particles but, rather, turbulent mixing was a major mechanism for new particle production. Observations also suggest that species other than SO 2 were required for new particle production to occur. Copyright c 2010 Royal Meteorological SocietyKey Words: cloud-processing of aerosol; ultrafine condensation nuclei; extratropical cyclones

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New particle formation in anthropogenic plumes advecting from Asia observed during TRACE‐P

Cited by 52 publications

References 48 publications

Ion-mediated nucleation as an important global source of tropospheric aerosols

Ion-mediated nucleation as an important global source of tropospheric aerosols

On the submicron aerosol distributions and CCN number concentrations in and around the Korean Peninsula

Airborne observations of the effect of a cold front on the aerosol particle size distribution and new particle formation

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