New perspectives on the evolution of plant mating systems

Karron, Jeffrey D.; Ivey, Christopher T.; Mitchell, Randall J.; Whitehead, Michael R.; Peakall, Rod; Case, Andrea L.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcr319

Cited by 97 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…In this case, females will benefit from both resource reallocation and inbreeding depression avoidance, which will increase their fitness advantage over hermaphrodites (reviewed in Dufay and Billard, 2012). Accordingly, Karron et al (2012) noted that gynodioecious species in which inbreeding avoidance plays a role in female advantage seem more likely to have dioecious relatives, compared with species in which that advantage stems only from resource reallocation. This stresses the need for large datasets that include various aspects of reproductive systems (i.e.…”

Section: Does Gynodioecy Always Lead To Dioecy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

An angiosperm-wide analysis of the gynodioecy–dioecy pathway

Dufaÿ¹,

Champelovier²,

Käfer³

et al. 2014

Annals of Botany

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Aims About 6 % of an estimated total of 240 000 species of angiosperms are dioecious. The main precursors of this sexual system are thought to be monoecy and gynodioecy. A previous angiosperm-wide study revealed that many dioecious species have evolved through the monoecy pathway; some case studies and a large body of theoretical research also provide evidence in support of the gynodioecy pathway. If plants have evolved through the gynodioecy pathway, gynodioecious and dioecious species should co-occur in the same genera. However, to date, no large-scale analysis has been conducted to determine the prevalence of the gynodioecy pathway in angiosperms. In this study, this gap in knowledge was addressed by performing an angiosperm-wide survey in order to test for co-occurrence as evidence of the gynodioecy pathway. † Methods Data from different sources were compiled to obtain (to our knowledge) the largest dataset on gynodioecy available, with 275 genera that include at least one gynodioecious species. This dataset was combined with a dioecy dataset from the literature, and a study was made of how often dioecious and gynodioecious species could be found in the same genera using a contingency table framework. † Key Results It was found that, overall, angiosperm genera with both gynodioecious and dioecious species occur more frequently than expected, in agreement with the gynodioecy pathway. Importantly, this trend holds when studying different classes separately (or sub-classes, orders and families), suggesting that the gynodioecy pathway is not restricted to a few taxa but may instead be widespread in angiosperms. † Conclusions This work complements that previously carried out on the monoecy pathway and suggests that gynodioecy is also a common pathway in angiosperms. The results also identify angiosperm families where some (or all) dioecious species may have evolved from gynodioecious precursors. These families could be the targets of future small-scale studies on transitions to dioecy taking phylogeny explicitly into account.

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Section: Does Gynodioecy Always Lead To Dioecy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

An angiosperm-wide analysis of the gynodioecy–dioecy pathway

Dufaÿ¹,

Champelovier²,

Käfer³

et al. 2014

Annals of Botany

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“…Mating systems can exert a strong influence on the evolutionary ecology of a species and, as such, have been extensively reviewed in the literature (for plants, see Karron et al, 2012;for animals, see Shuster, 2009). Outcrossing species generally exhibit larger, more genetically diverse populations, whereas species undergoing inbreeding tend to exhibit smaller effective population sizes with lower genetic diversity and reduced effective recombination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outcrossing species generally exhibit larger, more genetically diverse populations, whereas species undergoing inbreeding tend to exhibit smaller effective population sizes with lower genetic diversity and reduced effective recombination. In seed plants, an understanding of the suite of life history changes accompanying the transition from outcrossing to selfing has recently been advanced by comparative analyses within lineages with both selfing and outcrossing species and by investigating the effects of key floral traits on variation in selfing rates (reviewed in Karron et al, 2012). However, the initial transition to selfing will result in high levels of inbreeding depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O father where art thou? Paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid–diploid seaweed Chondrus crispus

et al. 2014

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The link between life history traits and mating systems in diploid organisms has been extensively addressed in the literature, whereas the degree of selfing and/or inbreeding in natural populations of haploid-diploid organisms, in which haploid gametophytes alternate with diploid sporophytes, has been rarely measured. Dioecy has often been used as a proxy for the mating system in these organisms. Yet, dioecy does not prevent the fusion of gametes from male and female gametophytes originating from the same sporophyte. This is likely a common occurrence when spores from the same parent are dispersed in clumps and recruit together. This pattern of clumped spore dispersal has been hypothesized to explain significant heterozygote deficiency in the dioecious haploid-diploid seaweed Chondrus crispus. Fronds and cystocarps (structures in which zygotes are mitotically amplified) were sampled in two 25 m 2 plots located within a high and a low intertidal zone and genotyped at 5 polymorphic microsatellite loci in order to explore the mating system directly using paternity analyses. Multiple males sired cystocarps on each female, but only one of the 423 paternal genotypes corresponded to a field-sampled gametophyte. Nevertheless, larger kinship coefficients were detected between males siring cystocarps on the same female in comparison with males in the entire population, confirming restricted spermatial and clumped spore dispersal. Such dispersal mechanisms may be a mode of reproductive assurance due to nonmotile gametes associated with putatively reduced effects of inbreeding depression because of the free-living haploid stage in C. crispus.

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“…Various factors affecting the reproductive system, including the mode of pollination, pollinator viability, and the presence of molecular or structural self-incompatibility systems (Karron et al 2012), might contribute to an explanation of our findings. Moreover, when pollinators move only over short distances, as in the case of the solitary bees found to visit P. secreta (DM Rodrigues unpubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Can the reproductive system of a rare and narrowly endemic plant species explain its high genetic diversity?

et al. 2018

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Th e reproductive system of fl owering plants can be highly variable, aff ecting their biology, gene fl ow and genetic variability among populations. Petunia secreta is a rare annual endemic species of Pedra do Segredo, located in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Although rare, the species possesses a high level of genetic variability. We investigated the reproductive system of P. secreta, including fruit production and seed germinability, in order to determine if its reproductive system can explain its genetic diversity. We sampled fi ve populations and conducted fi ve greenhouse hand-pollination treatments: 1) autonomous apomixis; 2) self-pollination; 3) hand self-pollination; 4) geitonogamy; and 5) cross-pollination. We analysed a total of 40 plants, 468 fl owers, and 6,500 seeds. Only autonomous apomixis and self-pollination did not produce fruit. No diff erences in fruit weight were observed among pollination treatments (P > 0.05). Seeds of two colours were produced, with no diff erences in germinability. Considering all plants, populations, and treatments, the average germinability was 73 % (range 9 % to 100 %). Th ese results, along with other previous studies, indicate that the reproductive systems of P. secreta, and its large eff ective population size, can explain its high genetic diversity.

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New perspectives on the evolution of plant mating systems

Cited by 97 publications

References 153 publications

An angiosperm-wide analysis of the gynodioecy–dioecy pathway

An angiosperm-wide analysis of the gynodioecy–dioecy pathway

O father where art thou? Paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid–diploid seaweed Chondrus crispus

Can the reproductive system of a rare and narrowly endemic plant species explain its high genetic diversity?

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