New perspectives on the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium biliary disease

Owen, Robert L.

doi:10.1002/hep.510280435

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This could be partly due to the fact that small intestine is the primary site of human cryptosporidiosis. Extra-intestinal cryptosporidiosis has primarily been reported in AIDS patients with biliary capillaries being the most common extra-intestinal site of infection (26,38). Few earlier studies also reported infection of gastric mucosa and pancreas by this parasite (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased SLC26A3 expression and function in intestinal epithelial cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Kumar

Jayawardena

Anbazhagan

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum (CP) causes cryptosporidiosis, a diarrheal disease worldwide. Infection in immunocompetent hosts typically results in acute, self-limiting, or recurrent diarrhea. However, in immunocompromised individuals infection can cause fulminant diarrhea, extraintestinal manifestations, and death. To date, the mechanisms underlying CP-induced diarrheal pathogenesis are poorly understood. Diarrheal diseases most commonly involve increased secretion and/or decreased absorption of fluid and electrolytes. We and others have previously shown impaired chloride absorption in infectious diarrhea due to dysregulation of SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)], the human intestinal apical membrane Cl−/[Formula: see text] exchanger protein. However, there are no studies on the effects of CP infection on DRA activity. Therefore, we examined the expression and function of DRA in intestinal epithelial cells in response to CP infection in vitro and in vivo. CP infection (0.5 × 106 oocysts/well in 24-well plates, 24 h) of Caco-2 cell monolayers significantly decreased Cl−/[Formula: see text] exchange activity (measured as DIDS-sensitive 125I uptake) as well as DRA mRNA and protein levels. Substantial downregulation of DRA mRNA and protein was also observed following CP infection ex vivo in mouse enteroid-derived monolayers and in vivo in the ileal and jejunal mucosa of C57BL/6 mice for 24 h. However, at 48 h after infection in vivo, the effects on DRA mRNA and protein were attenuated and at 5 days after infection DRA returned to normal levels. Our results suggest that impaired chloride absorption due to downregulation of DRA could be one of the contributing factors to CP-induced acute, self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased SLC26A3 expression and function in intestinal epithelial cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Kumar

Jayawardena

Anbazhagan

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…These particular maladies are known to play a role in ontogenetic programming of metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, immune and hormonal disturbance, hypertension and heart diseases (Finch and Crimmins, 2004). At present, cryptosporidiosis has been reported in over 40 countries (Owen, 1998). At present, cryptosporidiosis has been reported in over 40 countries (Owen, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The endogenous stages of this parasite develop primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, within cells of ciliated epithelium decorated in the apical part with the brush border of microvilli (Fayer et al, 1997). At present, cryptosporidiosis has been reported in over 40 countries (Owen, 1998). Moreover, Cryptosporidium has been designated as a critical ''biothreat'' agent (Atlas, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of neonatal cryptosporidial gastroenteritis on epigenetic programming of rat hepatocytes

Anatskaya

Сидоренко

Vinogradov

et al. 2007

Cell Biology International

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Inflammation, malnutrition and growth retardation during critical time-windows of development play a powerful role in ontogenetic programming of the life-long risk to many adult diseases (including metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes). Cellular mechanisms and the accurate timing and duration of critical periods for the liver remain obscure. To resolve this problem, we developed a postnatal suckling-weanling rat model of mild, moderate, and acute gastroenteritis challenged by a protozoan parasitic spread throughout the whole world, namely Cryptosporidium parvum. The physiological state of the liver was evaluated by hepatocyte ploidy and protein content that were measured by cytophotometry and image analysis on isolated cells. Hepatocyte ploidy is known to irreversibly increase after stress and is associated with the decrease in liver physiological capacity. Hepatocyte hypertrophy reflects cell functional loading. From our results, cryptosporidiosis is able to provoke a burst in premature hepatocyte polyploidization and hypertrophy (in proportion to parasitic load), and thus plays an important role in epigenetic programming of hepatocyte structure and function. We revealed two sensitive periods in liver growth. The first period (the less sensitive) covers the time before the establishment of homoiothermy, i.e. 6-9 days after birth. The second period (the more sensitive) covers the time of weaning when the change of type of nutrition and the peak of hepatocyte polyploidization and differentiation occurs. Thus, our data provide direct evidence that phenomenon of ontogenetic programming is reflected at the cellular level.

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Pathologic Quiz Case: A Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and an Unusual Biliary Infection

Chen

Gulati

French

2003

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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New perspectives on the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium biliary disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Decreased SLC26A3 expression and function in intestinal epithelial cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Decreased SLC26A3 expression and function in intestinal epithelial cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Impact of neonatal cryptosporidial gastroenteritis on epigenetic programming of rat hepatocytes

Pathologic Quiz Case: A Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and an Unusual Biliary Infection

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