New Photonis XP20D0 photomultiplier for fast timing in nuclear medicine

Moszyński, M.; Gierlik, M.; Kapusta, M.; Nassalski, A.; Szczęśniak, T.; Fontaine, C.; Lavoute, P.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.054

Cited by 64 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A fast light pulse decay of 16 ns allows for high counting rate measurements. This combined with a large light output (above 60000 ph/MeV) assures an excellent time resolution comparable to that of BaF scintillators [4], [5]. Very good temperature stability of the light output [2], [6], [7] limits the whole problem of detector stabilization to that of the photodetector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of LaBr$_{3}$ Crystals Coupled to Photomultipliers and Avalanche Photodiodes

Moszyriski

Świderski

Szczesniak

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The performance of several BrilLanCe LaBr 3 crystals that range in size from 6 6 mm 2 up to 38 38 mm 2 coupled to XP5212 and R6231MOD photomultipliers were studied, and in the case of the small crystals, the crystals were also coupled to large area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPD) of Advanced Photonix, Inc. First, the performance of several photomultipliers from Photonis and Hamamatsu with LaBr 3 were compared to select the best one, not affecting energy resolution, besides the photoelectron statistics. The light output and energy resolution for 662 keV gamma rays from 137 Cs source were measured for all crystals. Moreover, for some crystals, the non-proportionality of the light yield and energy resolution versus gamma ray energy were measured and the intrinsic resolution of the crystals was calculated.For the smallest crystals of 6 6 mm 2 further comparative tests with LAAPD were carried out.Index Terms-Avalanche photodiodes, energy resolution, LaBr 3 scintillator, non-proportionality of the light yield, photomultipliers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of LaBr$_{3}$ Crystals Coupled to Photomultipliers and Avalanche Photodiodes

Moszyriski

Świderski

Szczesniak

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…The statistical contribution for APD can be expressed as: (4) where N is the e-h pair number and F is the excess noise factor of the APD equal to 2.0 [15]. The statistical accuracy of the signal from the SDD and the PD is largely improved because of the lack of gain and the excess noise factor, F, in (4) is equal to 1.…”

Section: B Sdd In Scintillation Spectrometry With the Labr Crystal mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fast light pulse decay of 16 ns combined with a large light output, above 60000 ph/MeV, assures an excellent time resolution comparable to that of BaF scintillators [4], [5] and a high counting rate capability. A very good temperature stability of the light output [2], [6], [7] limits the problem of the whole detector stabilization to that of the photodetector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Silicon Drift Detectors With Photomultipliers, Avalanche Photodiodes and PIN Photodiodes in Gamma Spectrometry With LaBr$_{3}$ Crystals

Moszyński¹,

Plettner²,

Nassalski³

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The performance of a silicon drift detector (SDD) with an integrated FET, delivered by the company PNSensor, Munich, Germany, was studied in gamma spectrometry at room temperature (23-25 C) with a LaBr 3 :Ce crystal of 6 mm diameter and 6 mm height. The SDD characteristics were compared with those measured with a Photonis XP5212 photomultiplier, a Large Area Avalanche Photodiode (LAAPD) of Advanced Photonix, Inc., and a Hamamatsu S3590-18 Photodiode (PD). Energy resolution versus gamma ray energies and its components related to the photoelectron/electron-hole pair statistics and dark noise were measured and compared. At low energies, below 100 keV, the light readout by the photomultiplier gives the best results, while for high energies, above 300 keV, the light readout by the SDD delivers superior energy resolution. In particular, the best energy resolution of 2.7% was determined for 662 keV gamma rays from a 137 Cs source.

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“…For a Hamamatsu H4998 PMT, with a 0.7ns 10%-90% risetime, the signal bandwidth will be ~500MHz and the required sampling rate will be ~1Gs/s; for a Photonis XP20D0 PMT [6], with a 2.5ns risetime, the signal bandwidth will be ~135MHz and the required sampling rate will be ~270Ms/s. Oversampling of the signal allows a reduction in the approximation error due to the finite resolution of each sample in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and is thus practically beneficial [7].…”

Section: Sampling In Time Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of waveform sampling for improved signal processing in TOF PET

Wiener

Surti

Kyba

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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Abstract-The development of fast photodetectors and of fast, high light output scintillation crystals has placed an increased emphasis on the need for fast readout electronics used for TimeOf-Flight (TOF) PET detectors. These improvements have paralleled developments in analog sampling technology that makes fast waveform digitizing of photodetector signals an attractive alternative to custom PCB and IC designs. Waveform digitization offers a flexible means for evaluating and implementing more complex signal processing algorithms. We used a commercial 1GHz 2Gs/s waveform digitizing system to acquire coincident pulses from LYSO and LaBr 3 (5%Ce) scintillator crystals coupled to a fast PMT. By measuring the time pickoff based on a linear fit to the rising edge of the pulse, we show an improvement in coincident timing resolution from ~200ps to ~80ps FWHM for LaBr 3 (5%Ce) coupled to Photonis XP20D0 PMTs, and from ~160ps to ~80ps Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) for LaBr 3 (5%Ce) coupled to Hamamatsu H4998 PMTs. Our results show a consistent improvement in timing resolution as well as reduced sensitivity to signal risetime as compared to leading edge (LE) pickoff techniques. Measurements with partial detector modules indicate that system timing resolution of <200ps is attainable with LaBr 3 (5%Ce) pixelated detectors designed for TOF PET.

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New Photonis XP20D0 photomultiplier for fast timing in nuclear medicine

Cited by 64 publications

References 23 publications

Study of LaBr$_{3}$ Crystals Coupled to Photomultipliers and Avalanche Photodiodes

Study of LaBr$_{3}$ Crystals Coupled to Photomultipliers and Avalanche Photodiodes

A Comparative Study of Silicon Drift Detectors With Photomultipliers, Avalanche Photodiodes and PIN Photodiodes in Gamma Spectrometry With LaBr$_{3}$ Crystals

An investigation of waveform sampling for improved signal processing in TOF PET

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