New Phytophthora species in clade 2a from the Asia-Pacific region including a re-examination of P. colocasiae and P. meadii

Dang, Quynh N.; Pham, Thu Q.; Arentz, F.; Hardy, G.; Burgess, Treena I.

doi:10.1007/s11557-020-01656-7

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Major Phytophthora clades identified. Downy mildews ( Peronospora , Bremia ) shown as evolved from Phytophthora Cooke et al ( 2000 ) 2002 World-wide surveys reveal many new Phytophthoras undetected in natural ecosystems Jung et al ( 2002 , 2017b , 2018b , 2020 , 2021 ; d ), Brasier et al ( 2010 ), Burgess et al ( 2018 ), Dang et al ( 2021 ) 2004 First multigene phylogeny of Phytophthora Kroon et al ( 2004 ) 2007 First multigene phylogeny of the oomycetes. Clade structure sustained Göker et al ( 2007 ) 2009 400–600 Phytophthora species predicted Brasier ( 2009 ) 2014 Divergence of Phytophthora Clades predicted at 19.8–39 m years ago Matari and Blair ( 2014 ) 2017 Designation of Nothophytophthora gen. nov. Phytophthora origin pre the Gondwana-Laurasia separation (> 180 Myr) proposed Jung et al ( 2017a ) 2018 Multiple evolution of downy mildews from Phytophthoras demonstrated Bourret et al ( 2018 ) 2021 First phylogeny from genome-wide sequencing.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brasier et al 2003 ; Hansen et al 2019 ; Jung et al 2011 ; Bertier et al 2013 ; Ginetti et al 2014 ; Safaiefarhani et al 2015 ; Weir et al 2015 ); and partly to the discovery of many new species and infraspecific lineages during dedicated surveys in forests and natural ecosystems, especially remote regions with low accessibility (e.g. Jung et al 2003 , 2011 , 2017b , c , d , 2018b , 2020 , 2021 ; Rea et al 2011 ; Reeser et al 2011 ; Brasier et al 2012 ; Scanu et al 2015 ; Burgess et al 2018 ; Dang et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytophthora: an ancient, historic, biologically and structurally cohesive and evolutionarily successful generic concept in need of preservation

et al. 2022

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The considerable economic and social impact of the oomycete genus Phytophthora is well known. In response to evidence that all downy mildews (DMs) reside phylogenetically within Phytophthora, rendering Phytophthora paraphyletic, a proposal has been made to split the genus into multiple new genera. We have reviewed the status of the genus and its relationship to the DMs. Despite a substantial increase in the number of described species and improvements in molecular phylogeny the Phytophthora clade structure has remained stable since first demonstrated in 2000. Currently some 200 species are distributed across twelve major clades in a relatively tight monophyletic cluster. In our assessment of 196 species for twenty morphological and behavioural criteria the clades show good biological cohesion. Saprotrophy, necrotrophy and hemi-biotrophy of woody and non-woody roots, stems and foliage occurs across the clades. Phylogenetically less related clades often show strong phenotypic and behavioural similarities and no one clade or group of clades shows the synapomorphies that might justify a unique generic status. We propose the clades arose from the migration and worldwide radiation ~ 140 Mya (million years ago) of an ancestral Gondwanan Phytophthora population, resulting in geographic isolation and clade divergence through drift on the diverging continents combined with adaptation to local hosts, climatic zones and habitats. The extraordinary flexibility of the genus may account for its global ‘success’. The 20 genera of the obligately biotrophic, angiosperm-foliage specialised DMs evolved from Phytophthora at least twice via convergent evolution, making the DMs as a group polyphyletic and Phytophthora paraphyletic in cladistic terms. The long phylogenetic branches of the DMs indicate this occurred rather rapidly, via paraphyletic evolutionary ‘jumps’. Such paraphyly is common in successful organisms. The proposal to divide Phytophthora appears more a device to address the issue of the convergent evolution of the DMs than the structure of Phytophthora per se. We consider it non-Darwinian, putting the emphasis on the emergent groups (the DMs) rather than the progenitor (Phytophthora) and ignoring the evolutionary processes that gave rise to the divergence. Further, the generic concept currently applied to the DMs is narrower than that between some closely related Phytophthora species. Considering the biological and structural cohesion of Phytophthora, its historic and social impacts and its importance in scientific communication and biosecurity protocol, we recommend that the current broad generic concept is retained by the scientific community.

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Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora: an ancient, historic, biologically and structurally cohesive and evolutionarily successful generic concept in need of preservation

et al. 2022

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“…× vanyenensis were first isolated from C . cassia plantations in Vietnam (Dang et al, 2021), but this is the first record of their pathogenicity on C . cassia .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bars on columns indicate standard errors of means and those with different letters are significantly different based on the Duncan's range test.Identifying additional Phytophthora species pathogenic on C. cassia demonstrates that C. cassia root rot can also be caused by P. multibullata, P. × vanyenensis and P. heveae. Notably, P. multibullata and P. × vanyenensis were first isolated from C. cassia plantations in Vietnam(Dang et al, 2021), but this is the first record of their pathogenicity on C. cassia. It is also the first record of P. heveae being pathogenic to C. cassia, but this species is a known pathogen on many ecologically or economically important trees.…”

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confidence: 99%

Root rot pathogens of Cinnamomum cassia in Vietnam

et al. 2022

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The genus Phytophthora is one of the most destructive plant pathogens in temperate and tropical regions. Various diseases are caused by different species, affecting roots, shoots or fruits (Abraham et al., 2015), and have resulted in significant economic losses in agriculture and agroforestry. Many Phytophthora species have spread beyond their original geographical regions, primarily due to international trade, and climate change is also altering their distribution (Derevnina et al., 2016;Fisher et al., 2012). In Vietnam, the tree crops known to be affected by Phytophthora include avocado, pepper, durian, cocoa, rubber, bananas, citrus fruits, ap-

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“…In the past, much attention had been placed on Phytophthora species causing damage to field and horticultural tree crops [98]. It is only recently that studies have been undertaken in conservation and production forests in Vietnam [99,100].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New and Emerging Insect Pest and Disease Threats to Forest Plantations in Vietnam

Thu

Quang

Minh

et al. 2021

Forests

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The planted forest area in Vietnam increased from 3.0 to 4.4 million hectares in the period 2010–2020, but the loss of productivity from pests and diseases continues to be a problem. During this period, frequent and systematic plantation forest health surveys were conducted on 12 native and 4 exotic genera of trees as well as bamboo across eight forest geographic regions of Vietnam. Damage caused by insects and pathogens was quantified in the field and laboratory in Hanoi. The threats of greatest concern were from folivores (Antheraea frithi, Arthroschista hilaralis, Atteva fabriciella, Hieroglyphus tonkinensis, Lycaria westermanni,Krananda semihyalina, and Moduza procris), wood borers (Batocera lineolata, Euwallacea fornicatus, Tapinolachnus lacordairei, Xyleborus perforans, and Xystrocera festiva), sap-sucking insects (Aulacaspis tubercularis and Helopeltis theivora) and pathogens (Ceratocystis manginecans, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora acaciivora). The number of new and emerging pests and pathogens increased over time from 2 in 2011 to 17 in 2020, as the damage became more widespread. To manage these pests and diseases, it is necessary to further invest in the selection and breeding of resistant genotypes, improve nursery hygiene and silvicultural operations, and adopt integrated pest management schemes. Consideration should be given to developing forest health monitoring protocols for forest reserves and other special-purpose forests.

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New Phytophthora species in clade 2a from the Asia-Pacific region including a re-examination of P. colocasiae and P. meadii

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Phytophthora: an ancient, historic, biologically and structurally cohesive and evolutionarily successful generic concept in need of preservation

Phytophthora: an ancient, historic, biologically and structurally cohesive and evolutionarily successful generic concept in need of preservation

Root rot pathogens of Cinnamomum cassia in Vietnam

New and Emerging Insect Pest and Disease Threats to Forest Plantations in Vietnam

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