New possibilities for joining by using high power diode lasers

Schubert, E. F.; Zerner, I.; Sepold, G.

doi:10.2351/1.5059189

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Aluminum and steel have different absorption behavior with the laser which can affect the coating formation. Steel has higher absorption and therefore, the temperature can be higher while spraying with the laser on steel than on Al [19]. This, in turn, assists the thermal softening and lowers the hardness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures and Properties of Laser-Assisted Cold-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings

Koivuluoto

Milanti

Bolelli

et al. 2016

MSF

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In the cold spray process, solid particles impact on a surface with high kinetic energy, deform plastically and form a coating. This enables the formation of pure and dense coating structures. Even more, coating performance and deposition efficiency can be improved by assisting the process with a laser. Laser-assisted cold spraying (LACS) has shown its potential to improve coating properties compared with traditional cold spraying. In this study, coating quality improvement was obtained by using a co-axial laser spray (COLA) process which offers a new, cost-effective laser-assisted cold spray technique, for high-quality deposition and repair. In the COLA process, the sprayed surface is laser heated while particles hit the surface. This assists the better bonding between particles and substrate and leads to the formation of tight coating structures. This study focuses on the evaluation of the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties (e.g., hardness and bond strength) of LACS metallic coatings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures and Properties of Laser-Assisted Cold-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings

Koivuluoto

Milanti

Bolelli

et al. 2016

MSF

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“…The shorter wavelength laser beam produced by Nd:YAG solid-state lasers tends to be reflected less -and absorbed better -by aluminum and its alloys, with their inherently high reflectivity arising from the Al's emission characteristics. This results in what is referred to as better "coupling", which allows the laser beam's energy to be absorbed more efficiently and effectively to produce melting (Schubert et al, 1998). 2 In adhesive bonding, the thickness of the adhesive layer after curing, known as the "bond-line thickness", is important to joint strength; and, so, should be controlled (Landrock, 1985).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pressure‐assisted approach for laser‐beam weld‐bonding Al alloy structure for automobiles

Messler

Bohnenstiehl

Levene

et al. 2004

Assembly Automation

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Being inherently a non‐pressure fusion process, laser‐beam welding (LBW) has been shown to have difficulty compared to resistance spot welding for weld‐bonding Al alloy structures, despite the many structural and manufacturing productivity advantages. Study of laser‐beam weld‐bonding of Al‐alloy structure for automobile assembly has led to a technique that appears to have both technical feasibility and production utility. The use of LBW through a hole in a pressure‐applying probe has proven to allow the production of contamination‐free spot welds through pre‐applied pre‐cured structural adhesive. The general approach, along with some details to still be overcome, is presented for both information and solution.

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Structure‐property investigations on a laser beam welded dissimilar joint of aluminium AA6056 and titanium Ti6Al4V for aeronautical applications Part I: Local gradients in microstructure, hardness and strength

Vaidya¹,

Horstmann²,

Ventzke³

et al. 2009

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Sheets of AA6056 and Ti6Al4V were butt-joined by inserting the Ti-sheet into the profiled Al-sheet and by melting the Al-alloy alone using a split beam Nd:YAG laser.To study microstructural effects on properties, the Al-alloy was used in two tempers; T4followed by post weld heat treatment T6, and in T6 followed by a defined duration of natural ageing at room temperature. As a basic step for fatigue and fracture investigations, local gradients in properties of this dissimilar joint are investigated using microscopy, hardness and tensile tests. Possible sites, from which fracture may initiate, have been then identified. All property changes are found to confine to the aluminiumside. An intermetallic layer, although very thin, is found to form on the interface. The changeovers, firstly between the fusion zone and the heat affected zone and secondly between the heat affected zone and the base material, are found to be associated with changes in microstructure, hardness and strength. These are identified as the possible critical sites in addition to the interface. Fig. 1 to follow) for further weight saving and economy, since a specific material can be chosen for a specific local requirement. However, dissimilar welds are a metallurgical challenge [4]. Local gradients in microstructure, chemistry and properties become inherent and need to be accounted for in design.Moreover, when a non-ferrous partner is involved, intermetallic phases formed tend to be brittle [4] and consequently properties of the weld are impaired. Residual stresses [5] at the interface and in the partners may complicate the matter further.With weight alone as the criterion, three base metals become interesting on the density basis; magnesium, aluminium and titanium. Magnesium is, however, yet to find acceptance for wide aerospace applications and so only Al-and Ti-alloys become relevant for dissimilar joints. Some physical properties collected from the literature [6] are shown in In the following, the terminology "welding" [25] has been retained, since at least one partner was melted (and thus it is not considered as brazing). The partners are also referred to synonymously by the respective side, e.g., AA6056 as the Al-side.Moreover, specimens from the laboratory coupons (and not the component in Fig. 1c) have been tested. Experimental procedureSheets of the precipitation hardenable AlMgSiCu type alloy, AA6056 (uniform thickness 2 mm) and Ti6Al4V (thickness 1.8 mm; mill annealed) were welded to coupons as shown in Figs. 1a,b using a split beam 4 kW Nd:YAG laser in the heat conduction mode at BIAS in Bremen, Germany, without using filler wire. The coupon had the dimensions 330 x 94 mm 2 . To study the effect of starting microstructure on properties two tempers were selected for AA6056:• welding in T4 followed by artificial ageing T6 (190 °C-4h/air); denoted also as "T4/T6" or "T4 followed by post weld heat treatment T6", and• welding in T6 and naturally aged (at least for 7 weeks) without any further artificial ageing; denoted also as "T6...

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New possibilities for joining by using high power diode lasers

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Structures and Properties of Laser-Assisted Cold-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings

Structures and Properties of Laser-Assisted Cold-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings

A pressure‐assisted approach for laser‐beam weld‐bonding Al alloy structure for automobiles

Structure‐property investigations on a laser beam welded dissimilar joint of aluminium AA6056 and titanium Ti6Al4V for aeronautical applications Part I: Local gradients in microstructure, hardness and strength

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