New Procedures to Enhance Survival of Third-Instar Hypoderma lineatum (Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae) in Artificial Media

Abstract

New techniques for the maturation of late third instars of the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers), in artificial media are described. Larvae were held in either 24-well culture plates with media plus penicillin, streptomycin sulfate, nystatin, and chloramphenicol or in small salve jars on Perlite and media plus the same antibiotics. Chloramphenicol was not always necessary in the jars. Survival to pupariation of young third instars increased from 5% without nystatin and chloramphenicol to 73% when the two antibiotics were present in the culture plates. The survival of mature third instats to pupariation increased from approximately 53 to 80% after addition of nystati and chloramphenicol to the culture plates. Survival to pupariation of more mature grubs was similar in the jar and culture plate techniques. The former was more convenient, but the young grubs did not survive well in the jars.

Phylogeny of Oestridae (Insecta: Diptera)

“…Wood (1987) points to the fact that immature oestrid larvae removed from their hosts invariably die rather than produce undersized adults, which strongly contrasts to species of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae parasitising or preying upon vertebrates. This may relate to derived physiological features shared by all Oestridae, as indicated by Chamberlain & Scholl (1991), who documented an extremely high susceptibility to bacteria in the non‐host environment for Hypoderma lineatum (Villers).…”

Niklozamidin Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'nın bazı biyolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerine etkisi

“…Daha önceki çalışmalarda antibiyotikler böceklerin yetiştirilmesini sağlayan yapay besin ortamına ilave edilerek mikrobiyal kontaminasyonları önlemek ve larvaların besin alımını uyarmak amacıyla kullanılmıştır (Pearson & Raybould, 1998;Büyükgüzel, 2001a;Büyükgüzel & Yazgan, 2002;Alverson & Cohen, 2002;Inglis & Cohen, 2004). Yapılan bu çalışmalar doğrultusunda kullanılan antibiyotiklerin düşük konsantrasyonlarının gelişimi hızlandırdığı, yaşama oranını, ergin ömür uzunluğunu ve vücut ağırlığını arttırdığı, yüksek konsantrasyonların ise böcekler üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır (Chamberlain & Schol, 1991;Hirose et al, 2006). Ancak, bu antibiyotiklerin böceğin yaşama oranı, gelişme süresi ve diğer biyolojik özelliklerini etkileyecek düzeyde oksidatif strese sebep olup olmadığı ve bu strese karşı antioksidatif tepki mekanizmasının uyarıldığı konusunda sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır (Büyükgüzel & Kalender, 2007;Büyükgüzel, 2009).…”

DNA gyrase inhibitors: Novobiocin enhances the survival of Pimpla turionellae (Hym., Ichneumonidae) larvae reared on an artificial diet but other antibiotics do not

“…There have been no studies to investigate the positive effects of antimicrobial agents alone on parasitoid hymenopterous insects. However, one study with a parasitoid dipterous species Hypoderma lineatum (Villers) showed that a low level of chloramphenicol in the artificial diet significantly increased pupation by approximately 70.0% (C HAMBERLAIN and S CHOLL , 1991). It was demonstrated that novobiocin sodium, at the lowest tested level, caused a slight increase in the pupal and adult yields of another parasitoid dipterous insect, Agria affinis auct.…”