Micro–nanofabrication
of conductive polymers (CPs) with
functional structures is in great demand in organic electronic devices,
micro-optics, and flex sensors. Here, we report the fabrication of
micropatterned poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its applications
on flexible electrochromic devices and tunable diffractive optics.
The localized electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
at the electrode/agarose gel stamping interface through an electrochemical
wet stamping (E-WETS) technique is used to fabricate PEDOT with functional
microstructures. PEDOT microdots, micro-rectangles, and interdigitated
array microelectrodes are fabricated with submicron tolerance and
∼2 μm smallest feature size. Furthermore, the flexible
PEDOT electrochromic devices consisting of the logo of Xiamen University
are fabricated with a reversible switch of absorptivity. The improved
optical and coloration–amperometric responses of electrochromism
are demonstrated because of the enhanced charge transport rate of
the micropatterned PEDOT. The electrochromism of the 2D PEDOT micropatterns
is further used as a binary diffractive optical element to modulate
the intensity and efficiency of diffracted 2D structural light because
of the switchable absorptivity during doping and dedoping processes.
When the potential is switched from 1 to −1 V to tune the absorptivity
at ∼600 nm from low to high, the intensity of zero-order diffraction
light spot decreases with the intensity of other order diffraction
light spots increasing dramatically. The results demonstrate that
E-WETS provides an alternative method for the fabrication of CPs with
functional micro–nanostructures. The electrochemical tunable
diffraction with high reversibility and fast response is of potential
applications in micro-optics and flex sensors.