New profiling and mooring records help to assess variability of Lake Issyk-Kul and reveal unknown features of its thermohaline structure

Zavialov, Peter; Izhitskiy, Alexander; Kirillin, Georgiy; Khan, Valentina; Коновалов, Б. В.; Makkaveev, P. N.; Pelevin, Vadim; Rimskiy-Korsakov, N.A.; Alymkulov, Salmor A.; Zhumaliev, Kubanychbek M.

doi:10.5194/hess-22-6279-2018

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Finally, to obtain a full picture of internal seiches in such a complex basin, a modeling study would be desirable, where the physical processes in the lake could be simulated, for example, by the Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM) (Zhang et al, 2016). Furthermore, fine-resolution measurements of the lake temperature profile for both subbasins would also be useful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and dynamics of the vertical temperature profile in an oligotrophic lake

Klaić

Babić

Orlić

2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In this study, the fine-scale responses of a stratified oligotrophic karstic lake (Kozjak Lake, Plitvice Lakes, Croatia; the lake fetch is 2.3 km, and the maximum depth is 46 m) to atmospheric forcing on the lake surface are investigated. Lake temperatures measured at a resolution of 2 min at 15 depths ranging from 0.2 to 43 m, which were observed during the 6 July–5 November 2018 period, were analyzed. The results show thermocline deepening from 10 m at the beginning of the observation period to 16 m at the end of the observation period, where the latter depth corresponds to approximately one-third of the lake depth. The pycnocline followed the same pattern, except that the deepening occurred throughout the entire period approximately 1 m above the thermocline. On average, thermocline deepening was 3–4 cm d−1, while the maximum deepening (12.5 cm d−1) coincided with the occurrence of internal seiches. Furthermore, the results indicate three different types of forcings on the lake surface; two of these forcings have diurnal periodicity – (1) continuous heat fluxes and (2) occasional periodic stronger winds – whereas forcing (3) corresponds to occasional nonperiodic stronger winds with steady along-basin directions. Continuous heat fluxes (1) produced forced diurnal oscillations in the lake temperature within the first 5 m of the lake throughout the entire observation period. Noncontinuous periodic stronger winds (2) resulted in occasional forced diurnal oscillations in the lake temperatures at depths from approximately 7 to 20 m. Occasional strong and steady along-basin winds (3) triggered both baroclinic internal seiches with a principal period of 8.0 h and barotropic surface seiches with a principal period of 9 min. Lake currents produced by the surface seiches under realistic-topography conditions generated baroclinic oscillations of the thermocline region (at depths from 9 to 17 m) with periods corresponding to the period of surface seiches (≈ 9 min), which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in previous lake studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and dynamics of the vertical temperature profile in an oligotrophic lake

Klaić

Babić

Orlić

2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…All sampling stations in the lake and its tributaries are shown in Figure 1 . Sampling and measurement of physical and chemical variables was performed as previously described (Zavialov et al 2018). Briefly, water samples were taken using HydroBios 5 L Niskin bottles at all stations at different depth levels from the surface to the bottom.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lake Issyk Kul arouses great scientific interest, in particular, because of its geophysical and ecological characteristics. Being the six-deepest lake of the world and tenth-largest by volume, it reveals surprisingly high rates (below 11 years) of deep-water renewal (Hofer et al 2002; Peeters et al 2003), which maintain the lake water column well-oxygenated down to its deepest parts (Zavialov et al 2018). Despite the absence of outflows, the salinity of the lake water of 6 g kg -1 is rather low, which suggests the lake to become endorheic relatively recently, possibly due to tectonic processes (Romanovsky 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of bacterial communities along the vertical gradient in Lake Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan

Rojas-Jiménez

Araya-Lobo

Quesada-Perez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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30In this study, we explored the diversity and community composition of bacteria along a 31 vertical gradient in Lake Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan, one of the largest and deepest brackish lakes 32 in in the world. We identified 4904 bacterial ASVs based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene 33 sequences and determined significant changes in the composition responding mainly to the 34 variables depth and salinity. A higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes was 35 observed in the surface waters and the lake tributaries. Cyanobacteria were more abundant in 36 the deep chlorophyll maximum (28.5 to 128 m), while Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi were 37 dominant at depths between 128 to 600 m. According to our machine learning analysis used 38 for identifying the most critical environmental factors, depth and temperature revealed the 39 strongest effect on members of Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi, while 40 oxygen is associated with the variations in Cyanobacteria. Also, a notable increase in alpha 41 diversity estimations was observed with increasing water depth. This work evidences 42 significant differences in the structure of bacterial communities along the depth gradient in 43 deep, transparent lake ecosystems. Notably, there is a dominance of Planctomycetes and 44

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“…The lake's ion composition is characterized by Na and Mg cations as well as Cl and SO 4 anions (Karmanchuk, 2002). The thermocline shifts seasonally between 70 and 125 m water depth (Zavialov et al., 2018). Highest phytoplankton concentrations occur in water depths of ∼15–50 m in summer, but significant algae concentrations occur down to 150 m during most of the year (Podrezov et al., 2020), which is attributed to the high water transparency (Romanovsky, 2002b).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Sedimentation Patterns in Lake Issyk Kul (Kyrgyzstan), Derived From Surface Sediment and Inlet Stream Samples

Lenz,

Scheuer,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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This study provides a descriptive characterization of the modern sedimentary processes in Lake Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan, important for the selection of a suitable coring or deep‐drilling site, interpretation of future core data and applicability of proxies. The quasi‐equidistant sampling grid of 66 sediment surface samples covers the entirety of the lake basin and is complemented by 10 samples from the major inflows. The methodological approach includes geochemical, granulometric, lipid biomarker, diatom, and statistical analyses. The quantitative and qualitative changes in sediment composition yield information on its generic origin and prevailing transport and depositional environments. The composition of the surface sediments in Issyk Kul is highly heterogenous. Nearshore deposition is mainly controlled by wave action and by fluvial sediment supply with highest quantities of detrital input coming from the high‐energetic, eastern tributaries. Sediments in the deep central basin are mainly produced in situ and dominated by authigenic calcite. Biogenic accumulation is overall low, except for the western extremity of the lake, where the nearshore, shallow‐water, and low‐energetic environment favors aquatic productivity and subsequent preservation of organic material and diatoms. Redeposition of sediments is a dominant process along the slopes across the southern and western basin floor, where run‐out distances of mass movement deposits are up to 5 km. Directional sediment transport by lake currents appears to be less important, except for the transport of very fine‐grained organic matter. Biomarker‐inferred temperature reconstructions suggest lake surface temperatures of ∼15°C in the western littoral zone and in Tyup Bay and a decrease to ∼13°C basinward.

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New profiling and mooring records help to assess variability of Lake Issyk-Kul and reveal unknown features of its thermohaline structure

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Evolution and dynamics of the vertical temperature profile in an oligotrophic lake

Evolution and dynamics of the vertical temperature profile in an oligotrophic lake

Variation of bacterial communities along the vertical gradient in Lake Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan

Modern Sedimentation Patterns in Lake Issyk Kul (Kyrgyzstan), Derived From Surface Sediment and Inlet Stream Samples

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