“…As with other algorithms described herein [12,13,26,28,29,32,33], ABC is also based on the swarm behavior of honey bees. It differs from other algorithms in the application of a higher number of bee types in a swarm [10]. After the initialization phase, the algorithm consists of the following four stages repeated iteratively until the number of repetitions specified by the user is executed [4,[18][19][20] ( Fig .…”