New quadrupole and forbidden lines in the L emission spectrum of neodymium 60

Abstract

A detailed study, using a 40 cm curved crystal transmission (Cauchois-type) spectrograph, has revealed for the first time the existence of four new diagram lines at 1745.5 x.u., 1765.6 x.u., 1841.2 x.u. and 1994.0 x.u. in the L emission spectrum of neodymium. The lines have been ascribed, in that order, to the forbidden transition L1O1 and the quadrupole transitions LINIV.V( gamma 11), LIINVI.VII( gamma 8') and LIIINVI.VII( beta 7'). The presence of three more lines gamma 4.4'(LIOII,III), eta (LIIMI) and gamma 8(LiiOi) has been confirmed, the first two having been hitherto measured only by Coster and the third only by Dauvillier. The measurements of previously known dipole and quadrupole lines have been compared with those of earlier workers.

Methods to determine the fluorescence and Auger spectra due to decay of radionuclides or due to a single atomic‐subshell ionization and comparisons with experiments

“…4, calculated and measured fluorescence L 2 yields are indicated. Theoretical values agree quite well, not only with measured values from Zϭ65 to 96 but also with semiempirical yields for 37рZр50, derived from K ␣ 2 line widths measured by Gokhale 26 and Shukla, 27 semiempirical K-level widths of Leisi et al, 28 and the theoretical L 2 radiative widths of Scofield. [11][12][13] Also, for the L 3 -fluorescence yields displayed in Fig.…”

A reassessment of absolute energies of the x-ray L lines of lanthanide metals

“…Of the sixteen peak energies we have measured for the elements Nd, Sm, and Ho, whose line energies appear in the reference work with uncertainties between 0.03 eV and 0.26 eV, we find consistency between our measurement and Deslattes et al [2] for fourteen. The two exceptions are Nd Lβ 2 , and Lγ 1 , which were not among the neodymium lines measured directly by Deslattes' team; instead, their reference values date to 1977 and earlier [4,21,23]. The energy differences (reference minus this work) are +1.0 eV and +1.2 eV.…”

“…Existing measurements of L-shell lanthanide x-ray fundamental parameters date largely to the 1970s [4,[20][21][22][23]. Some, such as the terbium L lines, were measured much earlier [24,25] and transferred into later tables.…”