New rapid diamond synthesis technique; using multiplexed pulsed lasers in laboratory ambients

Direct Laser Writing of Nanodiamond Films from Graphite under Ambient Conditions

“…Thus, the synthesis of diamond requires extreme environments 5 6 7 like high temperature (>2000 K) and high pressure (>10 GPa). Various synthesis techniques have been developed to synthesize diamond materials, e.g., high temperature high pressure 8 , detonation synthesis 9 , and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 10 and laser assisted methods 11 12 13 . However, these methods are usually limited to high cost and low yield due to the requirement of keeping extreme environments 6 7 14 .…”

Diamant: naturgewachsener Edelstein und maßgeschneidertes Material

“…Die angeregten Partikel oder Fragmente zersetzten sich auf der Oberfläche des Substrates und bildeten Diamantkristallite. Zufällig entdeckte eine Gruppe der Firma QQC Inc., dass bei gleichzeitiger Verwendung unterschiedlicher Anregungslinien verschiedener Laser aus einem CO 2 /N 2 -Gasstrom Diamant abgeschieden wird [40]. Heute wird bei diesem Multiplex-Prozess mit computergesteuerten Pulsen von je zwei UV-und IR-Lasern eine gezielte Photodissoziation von Kohlendioxid realisiert.…”

“…Die Abscheidung kann in einem CO 2 -Strom bei einer Substrattemperatur von nur etwa 50°C durchgeführt werden. Bereits nach vierzig Sekunden sind die Schichten, die zur Vergütung von Schneidwerkzeugen verwendet werden, zwischen 20 µm und 40 µm dick; das entspricht einer Abscheidungsgeschwindigkeit von maximal einem Mikrometer (1 µm = 10 -6 Meter) pro Sekunde [40]. …”

Simultaneous multiple pulsed laser (SMPL) induced transformations in ZrO2 ceramics

“…Con®rmation and extension of the Fedoseev and Derjaguin experiments used a continuous wave CO 2 laser to reproduce the graphite±diamond transition and the quartz± stishovite transformation and obtain even higher-pressure phases of SiO 2 with the PbO 2 and Fe 2 N type structures. 4±6 Kikuchi et al 7 exposed various carbon materials to a continuous wave CO 2 laser beam in He and identi®ed diamond crystals of some 10 mm in size; this was con®rmed by Ogale et al 8 In spite of these well-established facts, when, in 1995, Mistry et al 9 announced their formation of diamond in a CO 2 /N 2 atmosphere using lasers, they were greeted by universal disbelief from the community caught up in the narrow throes of the CVD approach, and a C±O±H diagram, which ``demanded'' the presence of hydrogen to make diamond.…”

“…Also, in contrast to previous laser±material interaction work, they used three pulsed lasers of different wavelengths to simultaneously impact the work piece. 9 Since then, simultaneous multiple pulsed laser (SMPL) exposure has been applied to diamonds, metals and polymers. 10±14 The most dramatic phase change recorded so far is in an 8 mm diameter, 2±5 mm thick fuel injector nozzle of ferrosilicon (3% Si) subjected to a ca.…”