New record of Akashiwo sanguinea(Dinophyta) in the tropical estuarine waters of Northeastern Brazil (Western Atlantic)

Abstract

This study reports the occurrence and the effect of the environmental factors on the spatial and temporal distribution of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea ( . Density values were within the normal range and blooms were not detected. Despite being common in the area, the species showed preference for sites with high concentrations of orthophosphate and total dissolved phosphorus and with salinity in the mesohaline regime.Keywords: Akashiwo sanguinea, dinoflagellate, distribution, estuarine waters, northeastern Brazil. ). Os valores quantitativos estiveram dentro dos padrões normais, não tendo sido detectados florescimentos com conotações de blooms. Apesar de ser frequente na área, a espécie mostrou preferência pelos locais com maiores concentrações de ortofosfato dissolvido e fósforo total dissolvido e salinidade compreendida no regime mesoalino. Novo registro dePalavras-chave: Akashiwo sanguinea, dinoflagelado, distribuição, águas estuarinas, nordeste do Brasil.

First recorded bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea (Dinophyceae) from the Cochin backwaters, a tropical estuarine system along the South Eastern Arabian Sea

“…3). Similar observations on the relationship between the increase in nutrient levels and the increase in A. sanguinea were observed in the British Columbia coastal waters (Robinson & Brown 1983), as well as in the tropical estuarine waters of northeastern Brazil (Koening et al 2014).…”

“…Akashiwo sanguinea is a cosmopolitan species and has been observed in the form of blooms in many coastal and estuarine areas around the world, including the North Eastern Pacific and South Pacific (Fukuyo et al 1990;Cai et al 2006;Park et al 2013;Kiefer & Lasker 1975;Robinson & Brown 1983;Horner et al 1997;Gómez-Aguirre 1998;Cloern et al 2005;Rines et al 2010;Du et al 2011;White et al 2014;Hallegraeff 1991;Kahru et al 2004). A. sanguinea has also been reported from the North Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the South-West Atlantic and from the Gulf of Mexico (Bochstahler & Coats 1993;Badylak & Phlips 2004;Phlips et al 2011;2012;O'Boyle & McDermott 2014;Gómez & Boicenco 2004;Feyzioğlu & Öğüt 2006;Domingos & Menezes 1998;Melo et al 2007;Koening et al 2014;Harper & Guillen 1989;Robichaux et al 1998;Badylak et al 2014a,b).…”

Cryptic diversity within the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea in coastal Chinese waters is related to differentiated ecological niches

“…Tang and Gobler (2015) found several ribotypes of Akashiwo sanguinea that corresponded to different geographic origins (). Its presence has been reported in temperate, sub-tropical and tropical water columns throughout the year despite major differences among the environmental conditions (Badylak et al, 2014;Koening et al, 2014;Reñé et al, 2015).…”

Phytoplankton community in a tropical estuarine gradient after an exceptional harmful bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea (Dinophyceae) in the Todos os Santos Bay

“…Affe et al, 2018;Santos et al, 2020). Besides, its density increases during the rainy seasons, in low tide Affe et al periods, especially under conditions of increasing concentrations of organic and inorganic phosphorus (Koening et al, 2014).…”