New record of anchithere (Anchitherium aurelianense) in the Miocene of Eastern Siberia, Russia

Anchitheriinae (Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the early middle Miocene locality Gračanica (Bugojno Basin, Bosnia-Herzegovina)

“…The Asian "giant" Anchitheriinae, Sinohippus, differs from the studied material by a larger size, by having relatively high crowns and by lacking lingual cingula on cheek teeth (Salesa et al 2004;Klementiev and Sizov 2015). Likewise, Paranchitherium karpinskii is larger in size and is distinct from the A. hippoides from Gračanica by the presence of cement on cheek teeth (Borissiak 1937(Borissiak , 1945Forsten 1982;Miyata and Tomida 2010;Klementiev and Sizov 2015). The North-American Kalobatippus can be distinguished from the studied material by the presence of a more developed hypoconulid on the m3 as well as shorter and more slender metapodials (MacFadden 2001).…”

“…Among the large Anchitheriinae, the genus Sinohippus differs by an i3 conspicuously smaller than the i1/ 2, a tendency to hypsodonty, more reduced cingula on cheek teeth, a hypoconule without connection to the metaloph on upper cheek teeth, the isolated cusps on the protoloph on P2 and a weaker hypoconulid on the m3 (Salesa et al 2004;Ye et al 2005;Hou et al 2007). Paranchitherium karpinskii is also discriminated by the presence of thin cement and a well developed crochet connecting the protoloph to the metaloph on upper cheek teeth (Borissiak 1937(Borissiak , 1945Forsten 1982;Miyata and Tomida 2010;Klementiev and Sizov 2015). In contrast, it shares several features with Anchitherium such as a strong and triangular hypoconule on the upper cheek teeth, the development of a parastyle, the lingual cingulum on the P2, a twinned metaconid/metastylid column, a distinct hypoconulid on lower cheek teeth and a sharp protoconidal labial crest on the p2 (Abusch-Siewert 1983;MacFadden 2001;Klementiev and Sizov 2015).…”

“…Paranchitherium karpinskii is also discriminated by the presence of thin cement and a well developed crochet connecting the protoloph to the metaloph on upper cheek teeth (Borissiak 1937(Borissiak , 1945Forsten 1982;Miyata and Tomida 2010;Klementiev and Sizov 2015). In contrast, it shares several features with Anchitherium such as a strong and triangular hypoconule on the upper cheek teeth, the development of a parastyle, the lingual cingulum on the P2, a twinned metaconid/metastylid column, a distinct hypoconulid on lower cheek teeth and a sharp protoconidal labial crest on the p2 (Abusch-Siewert 1983;MacFadden 2001;Klementiev and Sizov 2015). Within Anchitherium, the referred material clearly differs from the small species A. clarenci, A. gobiense, A. aff.…”

The middle Miocene duck Chenoanas (Aves, Anatidae): new species, phylogeny and geographical range

“…Tagay (eastern Siberia, Russia, MN 5): PIN 2614/176, omal end of left coracoid; and PIN 4869/186, fragmentary left ischium. The age of the Tagay locality has been debated until recently, but a wealth of new biochronological data on mammals and amphibians correlate the fauna of Tagay with the Shangwanian faunas of China and support the late early Miocene age of this locality (Erbajeva & Alexeeva ; Tesakov & Lopatin ; Klementiev & Sizov ; Syromyatnikova ).…”

The first fossil parrot (Aves, Psittaciformes) from Siberia and its implications for the historical biogeography of Psittaciformes

“…Locality and age: Tagay Bay, Olkhon island (Baikal Lake); Irkutsk Region; Eastern Siberia, Russia (figure 1); Khalagay formation, late Early Miocene. For associated fauna and age, see [13][14][15][16][17].…”