New records of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Chilean frogs

Bourke, Johara; Ohst, Torsten; Gräser, Yvonne; Böhme, Wolfgang; Plötner, Jörg

doi:10.3354/dao02369

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…laevis, but expected to occur within the next years) all studied animals (eight) resulted positive for Bd. This pathogen has been reported from X. laevis in central Chile (Solís et al 2010) and from a range of native species across a latitudinal extension of ~3,000 km (Bourke et al 2011;Soto-Azat et al 2013a;Solís 2015). In the current study, we found the prevalence of Bd infection to range from zero to 41.7% in the X. laevis populations sampled, with all individuals showing low to moderate levels of infection, suggestive of a Bd reservoir function of this species when co-habiting with other susceptible amphibian species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Although poorly studied in South America, evidence of Ranavirus has been obtained from free-ranging amphibians in Venezuela, Argentina and Peru (Zupanovic et al 1998;Fox et al 2006;Warne et al 2016) and from farmed North American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) from Uruguay and Brazil (Galli et al 2006;Mazzoni et al 2009). Better studied, Bd appears to be widely distributed in South America (Mazzoni et al 2003;Hanselmann et al 2004;Pounds et al 2006;Schloegel et al 2010Schloegel et al , 2012Solís et al 2010Solís et al , 2015Bourke et al 2011;Soto-Azat et al 2013a;Olson and Ronnenberg 2014;James et al 2015;Warne et al 2016).…”

Section: Introduction and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

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Xenopus laevis and Emerging Amphibian Pathogens in Chile

et al. 2016

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Amphibians face an extinction crisis with no precedence. Two emerging infectious diseases, ranaviral disease caused by viruses within the genus Ranavirus and chytridiomycosis due to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), have been linked with amphibian mass mortalities and population declines in many regions of the globe. The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) has been indicated as a vector for the spread of these pathogens. Since the 1970s, this species has been invasive in central Chile. We collected X. laevis and dead native amphibians in Chile between 2011 and 2013. We conducted post-mortem examinations and molecular tests for Ranavirus and Bd. Eight of 187 individuals (4.3 %) tested positive for Ranavirus: seven X. laevis and a giant Chilean frog (Calyptocephallela gayi). All positive cases were from the original area of X. laevis invasion. Bd was found to be more prevalent (14.4 %) and widespread than Ranavirus, and all X. laevis Bd-positive animals presented low to moderate levels of infection. Sequencing of a partial Ranavirus gene revealed 100 % sequence identity with Frog Virus 3. This is the first report of Ranavirus in Chile, and these preliminary results are consistent with a role for X. laevis as an infection reservoir for both Ranavirus and Bd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introduction and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Xenopus laevis and Emerging Amphibian Pathogens in Chile

et al. 2016

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“…Infection with Bd has been reported in populations of the invasive African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis [24] in central Chile. Additionally, Bourke et al [25] , [26] recently described Bd infection in R. darwinii and two other native frog species in the south of the country. The impacts of this emerging disease on amphibian populations in Chile, including Darwin’s frogs, however, have not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Chytridiomycosis Driving Darwin’s Frogs to Extinction?

et al. 2013

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Darwin’s frogs (Rhinoderma darwinii and R. rufum) are two species of mouth brooding frogs from Chile and Argentina that have experienced marked population declines. Rhinoderma rufum has not been found in the wild since 1980. We investigated historical and current evidence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection in Rhinoderma spp. to determine whether chytridiomycosis is implicated in the population declines of these species. Archived and live specimens of Rhinoderma spp., sympatric amphibians and amphibians at sites where Rhinoderma sp. had recently gone extinct were examined for Bd infection using quantitative real-time PCR. Six (0.9%) of 662 archived anurans tested positive for Bd (4/289 R. darwinii; 1/266 R. rufum and 1/107 other anurans), all of which had been collected between 1970 and 1978. An overall Bd-infection prevalence of 12.5% was obtained from 797 swabs taken from 369 extant individuals of R. darwinii and 428 individuals representing 18 other species of anurans found at sites with current and recent presence of the two Rhinoderma species. In extant R. darwinii, Bd-infection prevalence (1.9%) was significantly lower than that found in other anurans (7.3%). The prevalence of infection (30%) in other amphibian species was significantly higher in sites where either Rhinoderma spp. had become extinct or was experiencing severe population declines than in sites where there had been no apparent decline (3.0%; x 2 = 106.407, P<0.001). This is the first report of widespread Bd presence in Chile and our results are consistent with Rhinoderma spp. declines being due to Bd infection, although additional field and laboratory investigations are required to investigate this further.

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The identity of Rana lutea Molina, 1782 (Amphibia, Anura)

Ferraro

Lavilla

2013

Zootaxa

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Rana lutea is one of the two anuran species described in 1782 by the Chilean born priest and naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina, and its nomenclatural history is confusing. After a detailed revision of the pertinent literature, we demonstrate that Bufo thaul Schneider, 1799, is a junior objective synonym of Rana lutea Molina, 1782, but based on the usage of both nomina, we revert the precedence and consider Rana lutea Molina, 1782 as a nomen oblitum whereas Bufo thaul Schneider, 1799 is a nomen protectum. Thus, the authorship of the species currently known as Pleurodema thaul (Lesson, 1826) changes to Pleurodema thaul (Schneider, 1799).

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New records of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Chilean frogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Xenopus laevis and Emerging Amphibian Pathogens in Chile

Xenopus laevis and Emerging Amphibian Pathogens in Chile

Is Chytridiomycosis Driving Darwin’s Frogs to Extinction?

The identity of Rana lutea Molina, 1782 (Amphibia, Anura)

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