The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the studies on Chilopoda of Mongolia, and an annotated checklist based on the critical revision of the literature data and additional material. In total, 29 species arranged in 10 genera, 7 families, and three orders (Geophilomorpha, Lithobiomorpha, and Scutigeromorpha) have been reported from Mongolia. Among these, 7 species are known from Mongolia only, and 3 species are of uncertain validity. Lithobius proximus Sseliwanoff, 1878 and L. princeps Stuxberg, 1876 are new to the fauna of Mongolia. The history of the studies on Chilopoda of Mongolia is provided.