New records of the Elasmobranch<i>C. Megalodon</i>(Agassiz) and a review of the genus<i>Carcharodon</i>in the New Zealand fossil record

Keyes, I. W.

doi:10.1080/00288306.1972.10421956

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The following macrofauna comes from collections S75/f499 (GS3534, E. O. Macpherson, Oct 1945) (Keyes 1972) and this correlation is not contradicted in any way by the remainder of the fauna; the upper age limit of the formation is unknown, but in view of the \Vaiauan age for the basal part of Chalk Quarry Sandstone it is likely to be lower Miocene or younger.…”

Section: Paleontology and Agementioning

confidence: 95%

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Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Coalgate area, Canterbury, New Zealand

Carlson¹,

Grant‐Mackie²,

Rodgers³

1980

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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Stratigraphic and sedimentologic studies of the Cretaceo-Tertiary sequence overlying Torlesse rocks in the Coalgate area permit a review of the lithostratigraphy of the region. Much new information has come from borehole logs and cores. Coal measures conformably overlain by shallow marine strata and associated igneous rocks, including View Hill Basalt, are assigned to the Eyre Group (modified name) of upper Cretaceous and possibly Paleocene age. Burnt Hill Group (new name) is erected to accommodate some 200 m of Oligocene-Miocene non-calcareous marine, estuarine, and associated igneous rocks of central and northern Canterbury. Formations include: Homebush Standstone (new name for a massive estuarine deltaic deposit) (oldest unit); Thongcaster Formation of Duntroonian age (new name for a fossiliferous clayey fine sandstone); Wairiri Volcaniclastite (new name for a tuff-breccia deposit); Chalk Quarry Sandstone of Waiauan age (modified name); Chalk Hill Clay; Sandpit Tuff (name now formalised) consisting of sandy and silty tuffs and tuff breccias; Bluff Basalt (name now formalised) including breccia, flow and dike rocks; Harper Hills Basalt (name altered and restricted in usage); Coalgate Bentonite (rank of unit changed) (youngest unit). Burnt Hill Group is overlain by 55 m of sandstone and sandy mudstone of Greenwood Formation, of probable Waipipian age, and up to 40 m of viviantic sands, clays, and gravels of possible Castlecliffian and perhaps younger age which are included in Aitkens Formation (new name). Much of the area is blanketed by Hawera Series outwash gravels which help to obscure the stratigraphic relationships of older formations in surface exposure.

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Section: Paleontology and Agementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Macrofaunas from Burnt Hill have been interpreted as Awamoan (Marwick 1932), as Waiauan (Gregg 1964), and as Duntroonian (Keyes 1972). The full age range of the group is unknown but it could extend to, or even below, the base of the Oligocene and upwards to include rocks of lower Pliocene age.…”

Section: Age and Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Coalgate area, Canterbury, New Zealand

Carlson¹,

Grant‐Mackie²,

Rodgers³

1980

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…However, we excluded these occurrences because the stratigraphic interpretation cannot be evaluated based upon the peer-reviewed literature alone. Other occurrences simply lacked strong provenance (criterion 4); for example, one specimen of Otodus megalodon reported by Keyes (1972) from New Zealand had locality data on a label stating “probably from the upper Miocene beds Older Wanganui Series of NZ Geological Survey from between Wanganui and N. Plymouth”; 180 km of coastline separate these two cities. We excluded this record for its lack of provenance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An early Pliocene (Zanclean or Piacenzian) extinction of Otodus megalodon seems to be reflected in the fossil record of Australia and New Zealand. Late Miocene occurrences of Otodus megalodon are common from both landmasses (Keyes, 1972; Kemp, 1991; Fitzgerald, 2004). Several early Pliocene records of Otodus megalodon have been reported from Australia (Kemp, 1991; Fitzgerald, 2004), including a single specimen from the lower Pliocene Cameron Inlet Formation (Zanclean-Piacenzian correlative; Kemp, 1991; Fitzgerald, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early Pliocene extinction of the mega-toothed sharkOtodus megalodon: a view from the eastern North Pacific

Boessenecker

Ehret

Long

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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The extinct giant shark Otodus megalodon is the last member of the predatory megatoothed lineage and is reported from Neogene sediments from nearly all continents. The timing of the extinction of Otodus megalodon is thought to be Pliocene, although reports of Pleistocene teeth fuel speculation that Otodus megalodon may still be extant. The longevity of the Otodus lineage (Paleocene to Pliocene) and its conspicuous absence in the modern fauna begs the question: when and why did this giant shark become extinct? Addressing this question requires a densely sampled marine vertebrate fossil record in concert with a robust geochronologic framework. Many historically important basins with stacked Otodus-bearing Neogene marine vertebrate fossil assemblages lack well-sampled and well-dated lower and upper Pliocene strata (e.g., Atlantic Coastal Plain). The fossil record of California, USA, and Baja California, Mexico, provides such an ideal sequence of assemblages preserved within well-dated lithostratigraphic sequences. This study reviews all records of Otodus megalodon from post-Messinian marine strata from western North America and evaluates their reliability. All post-Zanclean Otodus megalodon occurrences from the eastern North Pacific exhibit clear evidence of reworking or lack reliable provenance; the youngest reliable records of Otodus megalodon are early Pliocene, suggesting an extinction at the early-late Pliocene boundary (∼3.6 Ma), corresponding with youngest occurrences of Otodus megalodon in Japan, the North Atlantic, and Mediterranean. This study also reevaluates a published dataset, thoroughly vetting each occurrence and justifying the geochronologic age of each, as well as excluding several dubious records. Reanalysis of the dataset using optimal linear estimation resulted in a median extinction date of 3.51 Ma, somewhat older than a previously proposed Pliocene-Pleistocene extinction date (2.6 Ma). Post-middle Miocene oceanographic changes and cooling sea surface temperature may have resulted in range fragmentation, while alongside competition with the newly evolved great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) during the Pliocene may have led to the demise of the megatoothed shark. Alternatively, these findings may also suggest a globally asynchronous extinction of Otodus megalodon.

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“…T he record of fossil shark teeth from New Zealand has received scant attention over the years. Apart from the early work of Davis (1888 a, b ) and Chapman (1918), and the papers of Keyes (1972, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1984) very little has been written about the fossil sharks of the southwest Pacific. The accounts that have been written have mostly covered shark teeth from Upper Cretaceous and Eocene – Pliocene deposits.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Early Cenozoic Neoselachian Shark Fauna From the Southwest Pacific

Mannering¹,

Hiller²

2008

Palaeontology

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An early Cenozoic shark fauna, comprising at least 16 taxa, is described from Paleocene sedimentary rocks on the South Island of New Zealand. Although representing a remote Southern Hemisphere location, the fauna includes forms closely comparable to contemporary species from the Northern Hemisphere, in addition to the new species Chlamydoselachus keyesi and Centroselachus goordi. Comparison with closely related extant species suggests the fauna may be interpreted as a deep water one, typical of the outer continental shelf and upper slope. However, after palaeogeography, sedimentology and mineralogy of the enclosing rock, and the nature of similar faunas from elsewhere are taken into consideration, the fauna is interpreted to have occupied a mid-shelf environment.

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New records of the ElasmobranchC. Megalodon(Agassiz) and a review of the genusCarcharodonin the New Zealand fossil record

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Coalgate area, Canterbury, New Zealand

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Coalgate area, Canterbury, New Zealand

The Early Pliocene extinction of the mega-toothed sharkOtodus megalodon: a view from the eastern North Pacific

An Early Cenozoic Neoselachian Shark Fauna From the Southwest Pacific

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