New results in ancient Maya rituals researches: The study of human painted bones fragments from Calakmul archaeological site (Mexico)

Rigon, Carolina; Izzo, Francesca Caterina; Pascual, María Luisa Vázquez de Ágredos; Campíns‐Falcó, P.; Keulen, Henk van

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102418

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Small amounts of sample (up to 0.35 mg) were transesterified by a one-step process using 30 μL of m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, 2.5% in methanol, and then 1 μL of the derivatised sample was injected in the chromatographic column's head using helium as the carrier gas (flow rate 1.2 mL/min, 99.99% purity). This method was already successfully tested by authors already on archaeological pitch (Izzo et al 2013), fatty acids from historical and modern drying and non-drying oils (Fuster-López et al 2016;Izzo et al 2014a, b;Fuster-López et al 2019;Caravá et al 2020), natural waxes and terpenic resinaceous materials from artistic and archaeological contexts (Izzo et al 2013(Izzo et al , 2017Rigon et al 2020), an unknown historical drug formulation from this Spezieria (Lodi et al 2020).…”

Section: Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the composition of historical remedies and pharmaceutical formulations: the identification of natural resins and balsams by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigations

Izzo

Lodi

Pascual

2020

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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The present paper reports one of the first studies on the identification of natural resins and balsams in modern era drug formulations. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to investigate the composition of ancient remedies and pharmaceutical formulations coming from the Spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala in Rome, founded at the end of the seventeenth century by the Discalced Carmelites. The obtained results highlight the presence of complex mixtures containing resinaceous and lipidic-based compounds. Thanks to the detection of characteristic markers, it was possible to identify several natural resins, such as guaiacum resin, ladano resin and scammony resin. Balsamic and aromatic compounds characteristic of essential oils were identified as well. In addition, an anti-inflammatory ointment, composed by mixing Venetian turpentine, a Pinaceae resin and a triterpene resin exudate of a plant from South America, was found among the analysed formulations. Combining the analytical results, the historical research and the botanical composition, it was possible to formulate compositional hypotheses of this historical medicine and provided some indications about their use in health. The study of historical drugs is not only important to know the practices handed down by apothecaries in the past, but also fundamental to reconstruct historical recipes that can inspire new dermatological, cosmetic, hygienic and current curative products.

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Section: Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the composition of historical remedies and pharmaceutical formulations: the identification of natural resins and balsams by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigations

Izzo

Lodi

Pascual

2020

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…Various analytical tools were presented in the literature for the analysis of artwork and cultural heritage paints, including FTIR [ [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] ], portable microscopy, and XRF [ [70] , [79] ], SEM-EDS [ 67 , 68 , [70] , [71] ], Raman spectroscopy [ 67 , 72 , 73 ], far-infrared spectroscopy in ATR mode [ 66 ], hyperspectral reflectance imaging in the visible [ 74 , 75 ] and near-infrared, XRF [ 71 , 76 ], portable macro X-ray fluorescence [ 75 , [77] , [78] , [79] ], pyrolysis GC-MS [ 68 , 80 , 81 ], micro reflectance imaging spectroscopy (micro –RIS) [ 82 ] and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging (TOF-SIMS) [ 83 ]. Botteon et al evaluated the use of portable micro-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro- SORS) to analyze pieces of artwork from the 16th century [ 84 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpol review of paint, tape, and glass evidence 2019–2022

Almirall

Trejos

2023

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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“…For example, in many Palaeolithic cases the corpses were sprinkled with ochre (Aldhouse-Green, 2001; Einwögerer et al, 2006;Formicola & Holt, 2015;Giacobini, 2007;Orschiedt, 2018;Petru, 2018;Svoboda, 2008) or, as was hypothesised to be the case at Epipalaeolithic Shubayqa 1 (Richter at al., 2019), wrapped in textiles treated with ochre, which led to extensive staining of infant bone. Among the ancient Maya, layers of pigment and resin were either applied directly to the body or an iron oxide paint was applied to the burial shroud (Izzo et al, 2022;Rigon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary experiment into the effects of red ochre on decomposition rate and bone microstructure in stillborn/perinate Sus scrofa domesticus

Carlson,

Mandl,

Metscher

2023

Preprint

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The use of red ochre in funerary rituals holds continued interest for archaeologists and anthropologists given its ubiquity and debates surrounding its function. Despite this, and efforts into distinguishing corpse treatments on a histological level, there has been no experimental attempt to identify the potential effects of ochre treatments on soft tissue decomposition or skeletal remains. Moreover, there remain questions concerning the susceptibility of stillborn, perinate, and neonate remains to bacterial bioerosion. To help fill these knowledge gaps an exploratory study was conducted to assess the effects of red ochre on decomposition rate and bone histology using minimally destructive microCT-based protocols. Five stillborn or perinate domestic piglets, a reliable proxy for human corpse decomposition due to their similar gut bacteria and thoracic size, were either left untreated or subjected to one of two ochre treatments (paste or powder), and then buried or left to decompose in an open-air environment. The preliminary results of this experiment suggest that red ochre does not inhibit, nor significantly increase bacterial bioerosion in stillborn/perinate bone. However, ochre paste, which delayed skeletonisation and inhibited fly activity, did contribute to skeletal disarray in the exposed piglet, which we hypothesise is due to mechanical effects. Moreover, the very limited and localised evidence of potential bioerosion manifested on the periosteal surface, providing evidence for an exogenous origin for osteolytic microbiota.

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New results in ancient Maya rituals researches: The study of human painted bones fragments from Calakmul archaeological site (Mexico)

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

New insights into the composition of historical remedies and pharmaceutical formulations: the identification of natural resins and balsams by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigations

New insights into the composition of historical remedies and pharmaceutical formulations: the identification of natural resins and balsams by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigations

Interpol review of paint, tape, and glass evidence 2019–2022

Preliminary experiment into the effects of red ochre on decomposition rate and bone microstructure in stillborn/perinate Sus scrofa domesticus

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