In this research work, the finite-time synchronization and adaptive finite-time synchronization criterion of graph theory perspective fractional-order coupled discontinuous neural networks (FCDNNs) are investigated under two different control strategies. By utilizing differential inclusion theory, Filippov framework, suitable Lyapunov functional, and graph theory approach, several sufficient criteria based on discontinuous state feedback control protocol and discontinuous adaptive feedback control protocol are established for ensuring the finite-time synchronization and adaptive finite-time synchronization of FCDNNs. Finally, two numerical cases illustrate the efficiency of the proposed finite-time synchronization results.