New Rules for New Times: Sportswomen and Media Representation in the Third Wave

Bruce, Toni

doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0497-6

Cited by 203 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 79 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

295

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite increasing rates of participation and performance, globally persistent patterns in research continue to highlight disproportionate levels of reporting between male and female athletes in sports media (Bernstein 2002;Boyle 2009;Bruce 2016;Duncan, Messner and Willms 2005;Harris and Clayton 2002;Lumby, Caple and Greenwood 2009;Messner and Cooky 2010;Messner, Duncan and Cooky 2003;Pegoraro, Comeau and Frederick 2017;Phillips 1997;and Toohey 1997). As Tofoletti (2016) notes, the representation of women athletes can loosely be divided into research that surveys the quantity of coverage or the quality and subsequent representation of women across multiple forms of media.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twitter, Team GB and the Australian Olympic Team: representations of gender in social media spaces

Litchfield

Kavanagh

2018

Sport in Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twitter is used by athletes, sporting teams and sports media to provide updates on the results of sporting events as they happen. Unlike traditional forms of sports media, online sports media offers the potential for diverse representations of athletes. The current study examined gender in social media coverage of the 2016 Olympic Games using a third wave feminist lens. The analysis focused on the Twitter pages of 'Team GB' and the 'Australian Olympic team' and the sports stories and images posted during the Rio Olympic Games. Despite a number of traditional differences in the ways that male and females were represented being present, such as the presence of 'active' images of male athletes accompanying sports stories and the presence of infantalization in the language used to represent female performers, this analysis demonstrated significant strides forward in terms of the quantity of coverage received by women in online spaces. It further highlights virtual platforms as dynamic spaces for the representation of women athletes.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twitter, Team GB and the Australian Olympic Team: representations of gender in social media spaces

Litchfield

Kavanagh

2018

Sport in Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The media constantly emphasized aspects related to the familiar pattern and the sexualization of the images of athletes to the detriment of sports conquests. 15 Another study also found a shortage of sports coverage for female athletes in televised news, in which women's sports had lower transmission times and reduced production values of high quality. The facts were generally conveyed in a monotonous manner and without the same inspiration expressed in men's sports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, when analyzing from the gender perspective, it is noticed that, even when they receive the most prominent coverage, sports athletes considered as masculine are often compared to men and described from masculinity-related stereotypes. 15 This reality reinforces heterosexism in sports. Athletes, when they do not adhere to the stereotype of femininity, either because they have a more muscular body biotype, or because they compete in sports considered masculine, have their sexuality questioned.…”

Section: /14mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is therefore explained the understanding of appropriate sports for men and women from gender stereotypes. 15,18 A study carried out in the United Kingdom analyzed the television coverage of the events in which there was participation of women and identified that these were mainly composed of sports considered feminine, like gymnastics. 1 Nonetheless, it is observed that the Brazilian media analyzed in this research highlighted the performance of athletes practicing sports perceived as masculine, for example, judo and soccer.…”

Section: /14mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gender Perspective in Reports on Women Athletes in Rio 2016 Olympic Games

Fornari

Lourenço

Fonseca

et al. 2019

Texto contexto - enferm.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: to identify reiteration trends or overcoming of gender inequalities in reports on female athletes published in Brazilian newspapers. Method: a documentary research based on reports published in the special report on Rio 2016 Olympic Games in two Brazilian newspapers of national circulation. 51 articles and 87 images were selected and submitted to thematic content analysis and processed in webQDA software. Results: four categories emerged from the empirical data: women's representativeness in the Olympic Games; women on the champions platform; recognition of women from overcoming male performance; and violence against women gaining ground in sports' agenda. Media coverage replicated socially constructed sexist patterns by portraying athletes from stereotyped female characteristics and revealed gender inequalities in describing situations of violence against athletes perpetrated by members of technical teams and supporters. Conclusion: despite the visibility given to the protagonism of athletes, there was the production and reproduction of gender stereotypes. Therefore, it is necessary to deconstruct and confront inequalities between men and women. RESUMOObjetivo: identificar as tendências de reiteração ou superação das desigualdades de gênero em reportagens sobre mulheres atletas publicadas em jornais brasileiros. Método: pesquisa documental, realizada a partir de reportagens publicadas na sessão dos cadernos especiais sobre as Olimpíadas Rio 2016 em dois jornais brasileiros de circulação nacional. Foram selecionadas 51 reportagens e 87 imagens, submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática e processadas no software webQDA. Resultados: a partir dos dados empíricos, emergiram quatro categorias: a representatividade das mulheres nos jogos olímpicos; as mulheres na plataforma dos campeões; o reconhecimento da mulher a partir da superação do desempenho masculino; e a violência contra a mulher ganhando espaço na pauta esportiva. A cobertura midiática reproduziu padrões sexistas socialmente construídos ao retratar as atletas a partir de características femininas estereotipadas e revelou desigualdades de gênero ao descrever situações de violência contra as atletas perpetradas por membros das equipes técnicas e torcedores. Conclusão: apesar da visibilidade dada ao protagonismo das atletas, houve a produção e reprodução de estereótipos de gênero. Portanto, são necessários a desconstrução e o enfrentamento das desigualdades entre homens e mulheres.

show abstract

“…Criticism over the framing of sports media is widespread, due to the reaffirmation of the stereotype of gender expectations and the promotion of masculine hegemony within sports culture (Bruce, 2016). Besides the limited coverage devoted to women's sports and female athletes, sports media have also been accused of demeaning women's sporting achievements (MacKay & Dallaire, 2013), overemphasizing on the sport-irrelated aspects of female athletes, infantilizing female athletes' images (Ponterotto, 2014), and sexualizing female athletes' bodies (Kane, LaVoi, & Fink, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Have We Really Embraced “The Start of an Exciting New Journey”?: A Content Analysis of the Olympic Channel’s Original Series

Xu¹,

Dolma²

2019

JMC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

After the 2016 Rio Olympics, the Olympic Channel was launched on 21 August, which is a multi-platform media providing a wide range of content about the Olympics in order to promote the Olympic spirit throughout the world, including games, news, originals series, and live sports events. Compared with videos, the other part of the Channel, those from the original series could represent the coverage tendencies of the platform more relevantly. Based on framing theory, this research focused on issues of sports and analyzed 653 Original Series videos from 21 August 2016 to 31 December 2017, aiming to explore if the coverage framework the Olympic Channel constructed is distinct from what traditional Olympic media adhere to. The study found that some tendencies of the coverage of the Olympic Channel vary from traditional sports media. First, the most-mentioned five sports in the Channel (track and field, skiing, swimming, basketball, and gymnastics) are different from those in traditional sports media (gymnastics, track and field, swimming, diving, and volleyball). Second, the Olympic Channel emphasizes more on promotion of the Olympic humanistic spirits rather than competition, which is valued in traditional sports media, and the Channel implements the promotion greatly by telling characters' stories, with nearly 60% of those characters which are non-Olympic champions, including coaches and sports instructors involved in Olympic movements. Third, the Original Series records athletes in a documentary way, with the shooting perspectives extended from ordinary athletes' performance insides the domain, to their multiple identities' outsides the field, conveying the images of athletes vividly and solidly, narrowing the gap between athletes and fans. In terms of gender, however, male athletes and men's sports (46.3%) have superiority of media coverage over females and female sports. Coverage focuses placed in these two genders were found distinct as well-male athletes are endowed with more opportunities to show their athletic abilities and games experiences. As for the of athletes' nationalities, it has not been completely free from the stereotypes of traditional Olympic coverage yet-developed countries account for almost about 70% of the coverage while less than 24% is of developing countries. Such unbridgeable gap will lead the perception of sports among countries imbalanced with different economic levels and may eventually have the promotion of Olympic spirits uneven. The Olympic Channel is the International Olympic Committee's first step to change the media environment, attempting to secure the young generations' understanding towards Olympic spirits. Placing the overall amount of coverage in a global context, how to enable the Olympic

show abstract

New Rules for New Times: Sportswomen and Media Representation in the Third Wave

Cited by 203 publications

References 79 publications

Twitter, Team GB and the Australian Olympic Team: representations of gender in social media spaces

Twitter, Team GB and the Australian Olympic Team: representations of gender in social media spaces

Gender Perspective in Reports on Women Athletes in Rio 2016 Olympic Games

Have We Really Embraced “The Start of an Exciting New Journey”?: A Content Analysis of the Olympic Channel’s Original Series

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About