New solid superacid catalysts for n-butane isomerization: γ-Al2O3 or SiO2 supported sulfated zirconia

n-Butane Isomerization Catalyzed by Sulfated Zirconia Nanocrystals Supported on Silica or γ-Alumina

“…For our samples, the dispersion of the precursor and of the zirconia on alumina is higher than on silica, and at low zirconium concentrations, particles or thin layers with dimensions below those detectable using XRD are formed. A stronger interaction of zirconia with alumina than with silica was also postulated by Lei et al [42]. However, the dispersion of zirconia on silica is strongly preparation-dependent.…”

“…There are very few data in the literature that are comparable to our zirconia contents and reaction conditions, and that show the time on stream behavior. Lei et al [41,42] e.g. tested ZrO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 /SiO 2 catalysts in n-butane isomerization at 523 K, but under their conditions, the catalysts deactivated from the beginning.…”

“…Sulfated mixed oxides of zirconia and alumina, alumina-supported SZ, and physical mixtures of SZ and γ-alumina were tested for n-butane [38][39][40][41][42] and n-hexane isomerization [43][44][45]; Ptcontaining physical mixtures of SZ and γ-alumina or silica have been tested as catalysts for the hydroisomerizationcracking of n-octane [46]. Sulfated zirconia-silica mixed oxides [47] and silica-(also MCM-41) supported SZ were found active for the isomerization of n-butane [40,42,48,49], n-pentane [50], or n-hexane [51] and for a number of other reactions [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. SZ and aluminum-promoted SZ have been supported on MCM-41 and SBA-15 [60][61][62].…”

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of a novel magnetic SO4 2−-Y2O3-Fe3O4-ZrO2 solid acid catalyst

“…Therefore, tetragonal zirconia of high acid strength can't be obtained for pure zirconia. In order to increase the thermal stability and acidity of zirconia, some efforts have been made by introducing different oxides to form a mixed oxide against surface loss and crystallization phase transition upon calcination [8][9][10][11][12]. These mixed oxides may approach homogeneity at the molecular scale resulting in some special properties, which play a key role in the chemical process owing to their improved acidity, higher surface area and thermal stability.…”

Well-dispersed Ceria-promoted Sulfated Zirconia Supported on Mesoporous Silica

“…However, the relatively small surface area (100-120 m 2 /g) and short life of these catalysts may heavily limit their commercial application [2,3]. Therefore, some researchers studied transition metals supported on porous materials, for instance, SiO 2 [4][5][6] and Al 2 O 3 [7]. Although the catalytic activities of them can be improved properly, the pore distribution of these supports is not uniform and the surface area is <200-300 m 2 /g.…”