New species and notes on Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Brazilian Amazon

Lanes, G. O.; Azevedo, Celso O.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.679.1.1

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Because females are mostly unknown, we focused on males. The male morphological data (characters and states) were mainly taken from previous studies (Evans, , , ; Terayama, ; Lanes & Azevedo, , ; Corrêa & Azevedo, ; Ramos & Azevedo, ; Ramos et al ., ; Alencar & Azevedo, ; Zamprogno & Azevedo, ; Gobbi & Azevedo, ). In all, 163 adult characters were coded using Leica M80 microscopes and LED light sources (Appendix S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent decades, studies concerning the genus were mainly focused on the Neotropical fauna (e.g. Corrêa & Azevedo, ; Leal & Azevedo, ; Waichert & Azevedo, ; Lanes & Azevedo, ; Corrêa & Azevedo, ; Ramos & Azevedo, ; Ramos et al ., ) and few studies were done on the Palaearctic (e.g. Terayama, ) and Oriental regions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, male genital characteristics have been widely used as the main characteristics for species identification in Bethylidae. The lack of genitalia descriptions for delimiting Bethylidae species can lead to conflicts of interpretation and misidentification of species (see Lanes & Azevedo, ; Alencar & Azevedo, ; Colombo & Azevedo, ) and genera (see Alencar & Azevedo, ; Azevedo & Alencar, ). Finally, historically used taxonomic characters, including male genitalia and female morphological characters, have never been studied in the light of molecular phylogenetic analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opening Pandora's box of Pristocerinae: molecular and morphological phylogenies ofApenesia(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveal several hidden genera

Alencar

Waichert

Azevedo

2018

Systematic Entomology

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The flat wasp Apenesia Westwood is one of the largest genera in Pristocerinae with 190 species worldwide. The lack of a single diagnostic morphological character has resulted in many distinct ground plans within Apenesia. Some authors have suggested Apenesia as polyphyletic. Here we aimed to investigate and delimit the genus based on morphological and molecular data. We analysed 163 morphological characters on tnt using ‘traditional search’, whereas Bayesian (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) inferences were performed on 1553 concatenated nucleotide base pairs from COI and 28S sequences. Apenesia was recovered as polyphyletic in all analyses with up to 10 different lineages spread throughout the tree. We mapped female morphological characters onto the molecular tree to enlighten morphological evolution in the apterous females. Based on our morphological and molecular analyses, and on the taxonomic revision of holotypes and specimens, we propose six new genera in the Pristocerinae and revalidate the generic status of two: Acrenesia gen.n., Austranesia gen.n., Cleistepyris stat. rev., Dracunesia gen.n., Eleganesia gen.n., Epynesia gen.n., Pristonesia gen.n., and Propristocera stat. rev. We also propose four new generic synonymies: Neoapenesia syn.n. under Apenesia, Dipristocera syn.n. under Cleistepyris, Afrocera syn.n. and Neopristocera syn.n. under Propristocera. At the species level, we indicate Apenesia minor syn.n. under Propristocera tagala. In all, 162 new combinations, eight reinstated combinations and one new name to avoid homonymy are proposed. Apenesia is now defined as flat wasps having males with the mesoscutum gibbous, the genitalia with the paramere narrow and densely hairy, and the aedeagus with the ventral apical lobe elliptical and covered with lumps. Females of Apenesia can be distinguished from other Pristocerinae by having the head wider than the mesosoma, the antennae short, the mandible long, and the clypeus surpassing the toruli in the frons. This study reinforces the difficulties in defining Apenesia and other Pristocerinae genera. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65FB3087-0F30-4851-B1BA-ED6E4518B958.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opening Pandora's box of Pristocerinae: molecular and morphological phylogenies ofApenesia(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveal several hidden genera

Alencar

Waichert

Azevedo

2018

Systematic Entomology

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A taxonomic review of the subfamily Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae) from Korea with descriptions of two new species

Lim

Terayama

Koh

et al. 2011

Journal of Natural History

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Sinopse das espécies neotropicais do grupo brasiliensis do gênero Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

Ramos

Azevedo

2009

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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São descritas e ilustradas Apenesia longa sp. nov., A. peccata sp. nov., A. magna sp. nov., A. permaxima sp. nov., A. perconcava sp. nov. e A. recta sp. nov. da região Neotropical. São adicionados dados novos de variações estruturais e distribuição geográfica de A. transversa Evans, 1963, A. spinipes Evans, 1969, A. tlahuicana Evans, 1963, A. triangula Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. megaventris Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. venezuelana Evans, 1963, A. acia Lanes & Azevedo, 2004 e A. ventosa Azevedo & Batista, 2002. Duas sinonímias novas são propostas: A. peruana Evans, 1963 como sinônimo junior de A. brasiliensis (Kieffer, 1910); A. subangulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002 como sinônimo junior de A. fulvicollis (Westwood, 1874), esta ultima considerada dentro ao grupo nitida. É fornecida uma chave de identificação para as espécies do grupo, baseada em machos.

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New species and notes on Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Opening Pandora's box of Pristocerinae: molecular and morphological phylogenies ofApenesia(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveal several hidden genera

Opening Pandora's box of Pristocerinae: molecular and morphological phylogenies ofApenesia(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveal several hidden genera

A taxonomic review of the subfamily Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae) from Korea with descriptions of two new species

Sinopse das espécies neotropicais do grupo brasiliensis do gênero Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

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