New species and records of the Cylindroiulus madeirae-group, with notes on phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, J ulida: J ulidae)

Abstract

Five new species of Cylindroiulus are described, Cylindroiulus waldeni, C. xynon, C. ynnox and C. zarcoi from Madeira and C. disjunctus from La Palma, the Canary islands. Some new specimens from the Azores and the Desertas islands are examined. The position of these within the Madeiran Cylindroiulus speeies swarm (the Cylindroiulus madeirae-group) is discussed and the relationship of the madeirae-group as a whole is re-examined.

Atlas of European millipedes 2: Order Julida (Class Diplopoda)

“…Cylindroiulus ynnox Read, 1989 203. Cylindroiulus zarcoi Read, 1989204. Cylindroiulus zinalensis (Faës, 1902 205.…”

“…We have not shown on our map a record from Göteborg in Sweden because this is from a greenhouse. Read, 1989 Distribution PT-MDR.…”

First continental troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipede (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

“…n. with the glabrous operculum and the subspherical receptaculum seminis with a small terminal appendix are typical of the C.perforatus -group. In these characters our new species is also similar to the Macaronesian C.madeirae -group (Enghoff 1982), presumably the sister-group of the C.perforatus -group (Read 1989a, b); however, the pilosity of the preanal ring in C.villumi sp. n. more resembles that of the C.perforatus -group.…”

“…The genus Cylindroiulus exhibits great morphological diversity concerning size, ocelli, number of segments, pigmentation, chaetotaxy, legs, accessory claws, and genital structures (Reboleira and Enghoff 2014c, Read 1989a, b); in the endemic C.madeirae -group from Madeira Island, part of the diversity can be seen as a result of niche segregation (Enghoff 1982, 1983, 2011). The new species C.villumi is the first representative of the genus with an exclusively subterranean life-style and corresponding troglomorphic characters (i.e., unpigmented, anophthalmic, elongated sensory cones on the antenna, and very short accessory claw) found in continental Europe.…”

“…n. may, with some uncertainty, be placed in the Iberian C.perforatus -group. This group, which contains four Iberian species, is characterized by a “window”, usually a perforation, in the gonopodal promerite; in other characters, the group is similar to the endemic Macaronesian C.madeira -group, notably by the presence of denticles on the flagellum-conducting lamella of the solenomerite, the naked vulvar operculum and the tubular appendix to the receptaculum seminis (Read 1989a, b, 2007). Cylindroiulusvillumi does not have a perforated promite, but it does have denticles on the anterior flagellum-conducting lamella on the gonopod solenomerite like species of the C.perforatus -group; also the vulva of C.villumi sp.…”