New species and records ofLepraria(Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from South America

Abstract

Two new corticolous lichen species are described, Lepraria nothofagi Elix & Kukwa (atranorin, strepsilin, porphyrilic acid) from Argentina and L. stephaniana Elix, Flakus & Kukwa (4-O-methylleprolomin, zeorin, salazinic acid, unknown terpenoid) from pre-Andean Amazon forest of Bolivia. In addition, the paper presents new records of 16 species of Lepraria from South America. Lepraria adhaerens, and L. diffusa are new to the Southern Hemisphere; L. borealis is new to South America; L. alpina is new to Chile, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela; L. caesioalba (chemotype I) is new to Venezuela, L. lobificans new to Argentina, L. pallida new to Peru, and L. sipmaniana new to Bolivia and Chile. The Chilean records of L. membranacea appeared to belong to L. sipmaniana. Therefore, the number of Lepraria spp. known at present from South America is enlarged to 27 species. 4-O-methylleprolomin is reported for the second time from lichens.

Contribution to the knowledge of the lichen biota of Bolivia. 7

“…Reported from Bolivia as L. borealis and L. caesioalba (Flakus & Kukwa 2007;Flakus et al 2011a), which are currently treated as chemotypes within L. neglecta (Lendemer 2013).…”

Phylogenetic placement of Lepraria cryptovouauxii sp. nov. (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) with notes on other Lepraria species from South America

“…Due to that, the latter species was excluded from the list of North American lichens (Lendemer 2011a). Leprariaincana was also reported from South America (Flakus and Kukwa 2007; Flakus et al 2011a, b, 2015); however, after the description of L.hodkinsoniana , we doubted it can represent the former species. Therefore, we sequenced one specimen morphologically and chemically consistent with the description of this species, but the new sequence appeared to be more closely related to the sequences of L.hodkinsoniana than to those of L.incana obtained from European specimens (Ekman and Tønsberg 2002; Schmull et al 2011).…”

“…Leprariacryptovouauxii was previously assigned to L.vouauxii (Hue) R.C.Harris as it shares secondary chemistry and very similar morphology with the latter (Flakus and Kukwa 2007; Flakus et al 2011a). Molecular data, however, have shown that four South American specimens with obscurely lobate thalli containing pannaric acid 6-methylester and thus assignable to L.vouauxii represent a very different taxon forming a separate clade unrelated to the three sequences of L.vouauxii obtained from European specimens (Ekman and Tønsberg 2002; Mark et al 2016).…”

“…Specimens were selected after detailed analyses of morphology and chemistry and only uncontaminated samples were used for molecular studies. Samples of all Lepraria species reported from South America by Flakus and Kukwa (2007), Flakus et al (2011a), and Kukwa and Flakus (2009) were subjected to DNA extraction and sequencing, but nucITS rDNA sequences were obtained for only nine species. We assumed that DNA degraded in samples collected more than three years prior to DNA extraction procedure.…”

New species, combinations and records of lichenized fungi from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

“…The terminology of Lendemer (2011) is used. In South America, 30 species of Lepraria are currently recognized (Flakus & Kukwa 2007;Lendemer 2010;Elix et al 2010;Flakus et al 2011), none of which have the chemical content encountered in the present species. Lepraria species with usnic acid, Lecanora ecorticata J. R. Laundon [syn.…”