New Spirorbidae (Polychaeta: Sedentaria) from the East Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans

Abstract

Spirorbis bifurcatus, Spirorbis rothlisbergi, Spirorbis spatulatus, Pileolaria lateralis, Pileolaria marginals, Pileolaria spinifer, Pileolaria tiarata and Pileolaria potswaldi are described from California, Spirorbis strigatus from Madeira, Pileolaria dakarensis from W. Africa, Pileolaria (Duplicaria) zibrowii from Madagascar, Pileolaria alata and Pileolaria (Nidularia) nidica from Curacao, Pileolaria (Nidularia) palliata from S. Africa, Pileolaria (Jugaria) atlantica from north of the Azores, Romanchella bicava from Amsterdam Island, Romanchella pustulata from Chile and Helicosiphon platyspira from Marion Island. Of the new subgenera, Jugaria is proposed for forms having compound opercula (as in Pileolaria granulata L. and most Sinistrella species) and Nidularia for those with opercula that do not completely protect the embryos. Some of the Californian forms have probably resulted from sympatric speciation in both the genera concerned. The morphology and zoogeography of spirorbids suggest division into the subfamilies Spirorbinae, Circeinae, Pileolariinae, Januinae, Romanchellinae and Paralaeospirinae.

Spirorbidae (Polychaeta Sedentaria) from Alaska to Panama

“…obs.). Knight-Jones (1978) Tube sinistral or dextral, up to 1.75 mm in coil diameter, whorls frequently subquadrangular in cross section ( Fig. 2B(c)) ; talon tooth-shaped with a small bifurcate projection near the apex in all but the youngest specimens ( Fig.…”

“…This species, with its variable operculum, includes S. tricornigerus and perhaps S. bushi Rioja (1942), but not S. marioni sensu Rothlisberg (1974). Knight-Jones (1978) Tube dextral, up to 2 m in coil diameter, whorls smooth and round in cross-section, except for a small peripheral flange ( Fig. 2D(a)) ; talon tooth-shaped with shallow irregular bulges and a slight distal concavity ( Fig.…”

“…This is S. marioni sensu Rothlisberg (1974). Knight-Jones (1978) Tube usually dextral, coil diameter up to 2mm with a narrow median ridge but the whorls still basically round in cross-section ( Fig. 2E(a)) ; operculum concave distally with a somewhat flattened, eccentric, spatulate talon ( Fig.…”

“…P. berkeleyana sensu Harris (1968) from Naples was P. pseudornilitaris. Knight-Jones (1978) Tube less than 2 mm in coil diameter rather smooth with indistinct growth rings and occasionally very indistinct longitudinal ridges; primary operculum with a concave distal plate and a small pointed eccentric talon ( Fig. 5B(a)) ; calcified cap of the brood-chamber fairly shallow (the maximum proximal extension being less than the diameter) with a distinct rim on the side remote from the substratum.…”

A new species of Protoleodora (Spirorbidae: Polychaeta) from Eastern U.S.S.R., with a brief revision of related genera

“…Characters of the type genus are numbered and are similar in the other genera unless stated otherwise. Methods of study were as given previously (Knight-Jones, 1978).…”