“…Rusty foxglove cardenolides, phenylethanoid glycosides iridoids, steroidal compounds, nitrogencontaining compounds, phenol carboxylic acids and their derivatives, fl avonoids, anthraquinones [2,4,20,21,36,51] antioxidant [21], cardiac, stimulant and tonic [33] certain heart complaints [33], the tested extracts are considered an alternative source of antioxidant and toxic agents for pharmacological applications [20,21]…”