New Strategies and Methods to Study Interactions between Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein and Its Inhibitors

Abstract

Studies of the targets of anti-viral compounds are hot topics in the field of pesticide research. Various efficient anti-TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) compounds, such as Ningnanmycin (NNM), Antofine (ATF), Dufulin (DFL) and Bingqingxiao (BQX) are available. However, the mechanisms of the action of these compounds on targets remain unclear. To further study the mechanism of the action of the anti-TMV inhibitors, the TMV coat protein (TMV CP) was expressed and self-assembled into four-layer aggregate disks in vitro, which could be reassembled into infectious virus particles with TMV RNA. The interactions between the anti-TMV compounds and the TMV CP disk were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography, isothermal titration calorimetry and native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis methods. The results revealed that assembly of the four-layer aggregate disk was inhibited by NNM; it changed the four-layer aggregate disk into trimers, and affected the regular assembly of TMV CP and TMV RNA. The four-layer aggregate disk of TMV CP was little inhibited by ATF, DFL and BQX. Our results provide original data, as well as new strategies and methods, for research on the mechanism of action of anti-viral drugs.

Synthetic chloroinconazide compound exhibits highly efficient antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus

“…It is used because of its wide host range, lasting stability, strong stress resistance and easy production for plant inoculation 1 and can infect 350 species of 36 families such as Cruciferae , Solanaceae , Compositae , Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae , and is known as ‘plant cancer’ 2–5 . TMV infection can cause deformity of leaves, dwarfing of plants, fruit deformation and the reduction of seed germination rate, resulting in severe economic losses to agricultural production 6–10 . At present, effective control of TMV once plants have been infected remains a difficult challenge for farmers.…”

Berberine induces resistance against tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco

“…However, BTH has been reported to confer plant resistance to diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi . Ningnanmycin is an antiviral agent with multiple modes of action, including inhibition of virus replication and proliferation, and induced crop resistance . In this paper, two positive controls were selected to show that the main mechanism of berberine resistance to TMV acts by inducing resistance.…”

“…38 Ningnanmycin is an antiviral agent with multiple modes of action, including inhibition of virus replication and proliferation, and induced crop resistance. 39 In this paper, two positive controls were selected to show that the main mechanism of berberine resistance to TMV acts by inducing resistance. Excellent results for berberine were also obtained in preventing tobacco black shank, strawberry gray mold and wheat powdery mildew.…”

Review on Structures of Pesticide Targets

“…Based on these structures, the mechanisms of some commercial antiviral agents were studied and revealed. Ningnanmycin breaks down the TMV disassembly by targeting CP [ 12 , 13 ]. Dufulin inhibits the replication of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus by targeting viral matrix protein at a binding site located inside an internal pore that is stabilized by lateral hydrophobic interactions in the octameric structure [ 14 , 15 ].…”