New Strategies for in Vitro Rooting and Plantlet Acclimatization of the 'Paradox' (Juglans Regia × Juglans Hindsii) Rootstock

Peixe, Augusto; Alpendre, P.; Barroso, João Mota; Carlos, Ricardo; Soto, M.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2015.1083.36

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Those characteristics result in excessive transpiration rates leading to desiccation, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and carbohydrate exhaustion before replenishment from photosynthesis. Earlier studies have highlighted a beneficial role of AM fungi during the ex vitro acclimatization (Azcón-Aguilar et al 1992;Rai 2001), but to the best of our knowledge, it has been addressed only once for Juglans plantlets: Peixe et al (2015) showed that inoculation with Glomus spp. did not improve ex vitro survival of J. regia × J. hindsii rootstocks.…”

Section: Survival Of Walnut Seedlings After Ex Vitro Acclimatization and Field Transplantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure topquality orchard trees, walnuts are mainly managed and grown to a suitable size in nurseries after grafting onto seedling rootstocks selected to provide the best anchorage, vigor, and resistance or tolerance to soil-borne pests and diseases (Lopez 2004;Verma 2014). However, poor survival after planting and slow growth rates are common difficulties encountered when establishing Juglans orchards (Jaynes 1979;Peixe et al 2015). Studies on hardwood species indicate that the root system morphology is one of the major determinants of seedling field performance because it provides anchorage into the soil matrix and favors nutrient uptake (Kormanik 1986;Kormanik 1989;Schultz and Thompson 1990;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forty years of study on interactions between walnut tree and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review

Mortier

Lamotte

Martin-Laurent

et al. 2020

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Walnut trees are among the most important hardwood species in the northern hemisphere, ecologically and economically. They are mainly cultivated for timber and nut production but are also attractive ornamental trees in parks. Establishing walnut orchards is difficult because seedlings have a coarse root architecture and few of them survive to transplanting. Planting success is mainly determined by the root system morphology and the nutrient status of the seedlings, so that rhizosphere conditions are critical for plant performance. Walnut trees can associate with soil-borne arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are obligate biotrophs. In this association, plant-produced carbon compounds are traded against fungus-acquired soil mineral nutrients. The beneficial effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on hardwood seedling quality and field performance has long been known, but an integrated view is lacking about the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizas on walnut cropping. Therefore, we surveyed the literature published over the last 40 years to provide up-to-date knowledge on the relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizas and walnut trees. Our review outlines the major following points: (1) the arbuscular-mycorrhiza-mediated nutrient uptake capacity of walnut trees is associated with first- to third-order roots, and fibrous tip-ended roots are dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, whereas pioneer roots are not; (2) early inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves the survival and seedling performance attributes of transplanted walnut trees: biotization enhances walnut transplant success by increasing the number of lateral roots and plant P uptake, but these benefits are fungus- and host-dependent; (3) in the context of walnut agroforestry, deeply rooted walnut trees play a role as reservoirs of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal propagules for the surrounding vegetation, but tree shade and soluble phosphate availability decrease walnut mycorrhizal dependency; and (4) the arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium mediates the transport of juglone and thus plays a role in walnut tree allelopathy.

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Section: Survival Of Walnut Seedlings After Ex Vitro Acclimatization and Field Transplantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forty years of study on interactions between walnut tree and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review

Mortier

Lamotte

Martin-Laurent

et al. 2020

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many efforts have been made to propagate walnuts by layering [114,115], cuttings [114][115][116][117][118], and micropropagation [39,[119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127]. In vitro propagation of walnuts obtained seems quite dif-ficult [128].…”

Section: Rooting Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vahdati et al [130] found rooting success of low-vigor (dwarf) walnuts was better than more vigorous ones in response to stool layering. Peixe et al [127] achieved ex-vitro rooting rates exceeding 80% for microcuttings of 'Vlach' hybrid walnut. RolABC genes (rolA + rolB + rolC), derived from the bacterium A. rhizogenes, were inserted into somatic embryos of Px1 (a Paradox somatic embryo culture) to increase the rooting potential.…”

Section: Rooting Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Rootstock Breeding of Nut Trees: Objectives and Strategies

Vahdati

Sarikhani

Arab

et al. 2021

Plants

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The production and consumption of nuts are increasing in the world due to strong economic returns and the nutritional value of their products. With the increasing role and importance given to nuts (i.e., walnuts, hazelnut, pistachio, pecan, almond) in a balanced and healthy diet and their benefits to human health, breeding of the nuts species has also been stepped up. Most recent fruit breeding programs have focused on scion genetic improvement. However, the use of locally adapted grafted rootstocks also enhanced the productivity and quality of tree fruit crops. Grafting is an ancient horticultural practice used in nut crops to manipulate scion phenotype and productivity and overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. There are complex rootstock breeding objectives and physiological and molecular aspects of rootstock–scion interactions in nut crops. In this review, we provide an overview of these, considering the mechanisms involved in nutrient and water uptake, regulation of phytohormones, and rootstock influences on the scion molecular processes, including long-distance gene silencing and trans-grafting. Understanding the mechanisms resulting from rootstock × scion × environmental interactions will contribute to developing new rootstocks with resilience in the face of climate change, but also of the multitude of diseases and pests.

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“…Many efforts have been made to propagate walnuts by layering [114,115], cuttings [114][115][116][117][118] and micropropagation [39,[119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127]. In vitro propagation of walnuts obtained seems quite difficult [128].…”

Section: Rooting Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced in Rootstock Breeding of Nut Trees: Objectives and Strategies

Vahdati¹,

Sarikhani²,

Arab³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The production and consumption of nuts are increasing in the world due to strong economic returns and the nutritional value of their products. With the increasing role and importance given to nuts (i.e., walnuts, hazelnut, pistachio, pecan, almond) in a balanced and healthy diet and in the prevention of various diseases, breeding of the nuts species has also been stepped up. Most recent fruit breeding programs have focused on scion genetic improvement. However, the use of locally adapted grafted rootstocks also enhanced the productivity and quality of tree fruit crops. Grafting is an ancient horticultural practice use in nut crops to manipulate scion phenotype and productivity and overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. There are complex rootstock breeding objectives and physiological and molecular aspects of rootstock–scion interactions in nut crops. In this review, we provide an overview of these, considering the mechanisms involved in nutrient and water uptake, regulation of phytohormones, and rootstock influences on the scion molecular processes, including long-distance gene silencing and trans-grafting. Understanding the mechanisms resulting from rootstock × scion × environmental interactions will contribute to developing new rootstocks with resilience in the face of climate change, but also of the multitude of diseases and pests and of the possible increase of their aggressiveness. They will also have to offer the premises of economic production, respectively yield and the quality, according to multiple destinations of nuts in the current consumption and food industry, but also the increasing exigencies of the consumer market and the profile industry.

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New Strategies for in Vitro Rooting and Plantlet Acclimatization of the 'Paradox' (Juglans Regia × Juglans Hindsii) Rootstock

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Forty years of study on interactions between walnut tree and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review

Forty years of study on interactions between walnut tree and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review

Advances in Rootstock Breeding of Nut Trees: Objectives and Strategies

Advanced in Rootstock Breeding of Nut Trees: Objectives and Strategies

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